Continuous and Non-Invasive Lactate Monitoring Techniques in Critical Care Patients.

Lactate, once merely regarded as an indicator of tissue hypoxia and muscular fatigue, has now gained prominence as a pivotal biomarker across various medical disciplines. Recent research has unveiled its critical role as a high-value prognostic marker in critical care medicine. The current practice of lactate detection involves periodic blood sampling.

Systematic Review of Automated Diuresis Measurement in Critically Ill Patients.

The measurement of urinary flow is a vital medical indicator for critically ill patients in intensive care units. However, there is a clinical need to automate the real-time measurement of diuresis using Internet of Medical Things devices, allowing continuous monitoring of urine flow. A systematic review of scientific literature, patents, and available commercial products was conducted, leading to the conclusion that there is no suitable device to fulfill this need.

Development of a urinometer for automatic measurement of urine flow in catheterized patients.

Urinary flow measurement and colorimetry are vital medical indicators for critically ill patients in intensive care units. However, there is a clinical need for low-cost, continuous urinary flow monitoring devices that can automatically and in real-time measure urine flow. This need led to the development of a non-invasive device that is easy to use and does not require proprietary disposables.

Democratization of deep learning for segmenting cartilage from MRIs of human knees: Application to data from the osteoarthritis initiative.

In this study, we aimed to democratize access to convolutional neural networks (CNN) for segmenting cartilage volumes, generating state-of-the-art results for specialized, real-world applications in hospitals and research. Segmentation of cross-sectional and/or longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) images of articular cartilage facilitates both clinical management of joint damage/disease and fundamental research. Manual delineation of such images is a time-consuming task susceptible to high intra- and interoperator variability and prone to errors.

Comparison of machine learning algorithms for clinical event prediction (risk of coronary heart disease).

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the utility of several supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms for predicting clinical events in terms of their internal validity and accuracy. The results, which were obtained using two statistical software platforms, were also compared.

Materials And Methods: The data used in this research come from the open database of the Framingham Heart Study, which originated in 1948 in Framingham, Massachusetts as a prospective study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Impact of the first interprofessional education undergraduate program in Spain.

In 2015, the Universidad Europea de Madrid started the first interprofessional education program in Spain. Nursing students undergo different interprofessional education activities in all four academic years, covering various aspects of the following competencies: interprofessional communication, role clarification (definition, interaction and defense), and authority models and decision making. In second year, they integrate these activities with students from psychology, pharmacy and medicine.

Mediterranean Alcohol-Drinking Pattern and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Mortality: The SUN Project.

Background: We assessed the still unclear effect of the overall alcohol-drinking pattern, beyond the amount of alcohol consumed, on the incidence of cardiovascular clinical disease (CVD).

Methods: We followed 14,651 participants during up to 14 years. We built a score assessing simultaneously seven dimensions of alcohol consumption to capture the conformity to a traditional Mediterranean alcohol-drinking pattern (MADP).

[Eating habits and attitudes towards change in Spanish university students and workers].

Introduction: Universities and workplaces are important targets for the promotion of the nutritional interventions in adult population.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the dietary habits and attitudes towards change in workers and university students from different academic fields.

Methods: The study data came from a cross-sectional study of a Spanish University population of 1,429 participants.

Association between sleeping hours and siesta and the risk of obesity: the SUN Mediterranean Cohort.

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the association between sleeping hours at night and during the siesta and the incidence of obesity in a Mediterranean cohort.

Methods: After a median of 6.5 years of follow-up, we included 10,532 or 9,470 participants without chronic disease or obesity at baseline for analyzing the association between the incidence of obesity and nocturnal sleep duration or having siesta.

Egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean cohort; the sun project.

Introduction And Aim: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate in nearly all countries. Some studies from non-Mediterranean populations suggest that higher egg consumption is associated with an increased risk of diabetes. The aim of our study was to prospectively assess the association between egg consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a large cohort of Spanish university graduates.

A randomized trial of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for medical students: voice advisory mannequin compared to guidance provided by an instructor.

Introduction: Current European Resuscitation Guidelines 2010 recommend the use of prompt/feedback devices when training for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We aimed to assess the quality of CPR training among second-year medical students with a voice advisory mannequin (VAM) compared to guidance provided by an instructor.

Methods: Forty-three students received a theoretical reminder about CPR followed by a 2-minute pretest on CPR (compressions/ventilations cycle) with Resusci Anne SkillReporter (Laerdal Medical).

Influence of family history of colorectal cancer on health behavior and performance of early detection procedures: the SUN Project.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between family history of colorectal cancer and both health behavior and screening procedures in a population cohort.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 15,169 participants belonging to a prospective cohort study (the SUN Project) based on two self-reported questionnaires: one of them related to lifestyle and the other a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We explored the influence of family history of colorectal cancer in lifestyles (consumption of alcohol, weight, and diet) and medical management behaviors (screening of chronic diseases).

Validation of metabolic syndrome using medical records in the SUN cohort.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of self reported criteria of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) cohort using their medical records as the gold standard.

Methods: We selected 336 participants and we obtained MS related data according to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Then we compared information on the self reported diagnosis of MS and MS diagnosed in their medical records.

Non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: what we know now.

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has a disproportionate burden of both infectious and chronic diseases compared with other world regions. Current disease estimates for SSA are based on sparse data, but projections indicate increases in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) caused by demographic and epidemiologic transitions. We review the literature on NCDs in SSA and summarize data from the World Health Organization and International Agency for Research on Cancer on the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus Type 2, cancer and their risk factors.

[Increasing trend in the prevalence of morbid obesity in Spain: from 1.8 to 6.1 per thousand in 14 years].

Obesity, and especially morbid obesity, increases the risk of cardiovascular as well as non-cardiovascular diseases. Our objective was to ascertain the trends in morbid obesity in Spain from 1993 to 2006 using representative data from 106,048 participants in the National Health Surveys. An age-adjusted Poisson regression model stratified by sex was fitted using morbid obesity as the dependent variable.

Childhood underweight, weight gain during childhood to adolescence/young adulthood and incidence of adult metabolic syndrome in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) Project.

Objective: To assess associations between childhood body weight, weight gain during childhood to adolescence/young adulthood and incidence of adult metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Design: A dynamic prospective cohort study (the SUN Project; Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra). Participants were asked to select which of nine body images most closely represented their body shape at ages 5 and 20 years, and it was used as a proxy of BMI.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, long-term weight change, and incident overweight or obesity: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort.

Background: The Mediterranean dietary pattern might be a potential tool for the prevention of obesity.

Objectives: We studied the association between adherence to 6 previously published scores used to assess the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and weight change. We also assessed the risk of relevant weight gain (≥ 5 kg) or the risk of developing overweight or obesity.

Aspirin, non-aspirin analgesics and the risk of hypertension in the SUN cohort.

Introduction And Objectives: The use of aspirin and non-aspirin analgesics has been associated with changes in blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate prospectively the association between the regular use of aspirin and non-aspirin analgesics and the incidence of hypertension.

Methods: The SUN project is an ongoing, continuously expanding, prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates initially free of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer; 9986 (mean age 36 years) were recruited during 1999-2005 and followed up for a mean of 51 months.

Sedentary behaviors and the risk of incident hypertension: the SUN Cohort.

Background: Scientific evidence from different sources suggests a positive association between sedentary behaviors and the incidence of hypertension. However, no previous prospective study corroborated this potential relationship in an adult population. Our objective was to assess prospectively the association of different sedentary behaviors (interactive and noninteractive sedentary activity, television viewing, and sleeping) with the incidence of hypertension.

Analysis of early postoperative morbidity among patients with rectal cancer treated with and without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Background: The impact of neoadjuvant treatment and their subsequent early complications in the treatment of rectal cancer has not been adequately assessed. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate early postoperative morbidity and mortality among patients with rectal cancer treated with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by surgery, compared with patients treated with surgery alone. We also identified independent risk factors associated with early major complications.

Vegetable protein and fiber from cereal are inversely associated with the risk of hypertension in a Spanish cohort.

Background: Some cross-sectional studies suggest that fiber and protein intake can be associated with lower levels of blood pressure, but results from prospective cohorts are scarce and none has been conducted outside the U.S.

Methods: The SUN cohort followed-up prospectively 5880 Spanish men and women older than 20 years of age, all university graduates.

Predictors of follow-up and assessment of selection bias from dropouts using inverse probability weighting in a cohort of university graduates.

Dropouts in cohort studies can introduce selection bias. In this paper, we aimed (i) to assess predictors of retention in a cohort study (the SUN Project) where participants are followed-up through biennial mailed questionnaires, and (ii) to evaluate whether differential follow-up introduced selection bias in rate ratio (RR) estimates. The SUN Study recruited 9907 participants from December 1999 to January 2002.