Publications by authors named "Juan J Lopez-Gomez"
Background: disease-related malnutrition (DRM) affects 30-50 % of hospitalized patients and is often underdiagnosed, increasing risks of complications and healthcare costs. Traditional DRM detection has relied on manual methods that lack accuracy and efficiency.
Objective: this narrative review explores how artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), can transform the prediction and management of DRM in clinical settings.
Introduction: Some studies have demonstrated the effect of the rs7903146 genetic variant on weight response after different dietary strategies. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of this genetic variant of the TCF7L2 gene on weight loss and diabetes mellitus progression following a partial meal replacement (pMR) hypocaloric diet.
Methods: We conducted an interventional study in 214 subjects with obesity and a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m².
Background And Aims: Parenteral nutrition (PN) composition could play a role in the management of systemic inflammatory response and intestinal barrier disruption. We aimed to evaluate changes in biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative status and intestinal permeability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received different PN lipid formulas.
Methods: This was a prospective study, including 94 patients with T2DM who received omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-enriched PN, a mixture of medium and long chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) PN, or an olive oil-based PN.
Article Synopsis
- User-friendly assessment tools for malnutrition are essential, and this study focused on a personalized nutrition intervention using a new oral nutritional supplement and AI technology to track outcomes in malnourished patients.
- The study included 65 patients and showed significant improvements over three months, with weight loss decreasing, and a drop in the prevalence of malnutrition and severe malnutrition.
- Additionally, older patients experienced gains in muscle thickness, strength, and function, indicating that tailored interventions can effectively enhance nutrition and combat malnutrition in patients with disease-related issues.
Article Synopsis
- The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) was evaluated for its ability to predict metabolic syndrome (MS) specifically among Caucasian individuals with obesity.
- A study involving 2,162 obese Caucasian patients found that those in the highest WWI category were significantly more likely to have MS, with adjusted odds ratios demonstrating a clear trend linked to higher WWI levels.
- Results indicated that the WWI has good predictive accuracy for MS with a cut-off value of 11.59, showing a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 93.4%.
Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the discrepancies between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and computed tomography (CT) in assessing skeletal muscle mass and identifying low muscle mass in patients with colorectal cancer.
Methods: This study recruited 137 patients with colorectal cancer from February 2028 to December 2023. CT scans were analyzed at the Lumbar 3 vertebral level to determine the area of skeletal muscle, which was then utilized to estimate whole-body skeletal muscle mass.
Introduction: Candidates for bariatric surgery may have psychiatric disorders that must be evaluated. The aim of this study was to describe the psychological state and quality of life (QoL) of patients with obesity awaiting bariatric surgery prior to surgical procedure and 1 year after surgery.
Methods: A longitudinal retrospective observational study was carried out in 71 patients awaiting bariatric surgery.
(1) Background: The aim was to validate an AI-based system compared to the classic method of reading ultrasound images of the rectus femur (RF) muscle in a real cohort of patients with disease-related malnutrition. (2) Methods: One hundred adult patients with DRM aged 18 to 85 years were enrolled. The risk of DRM was assessed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A nationwide, prospective, multicenter, cohort study (the Disease-Related caloric-protein malnutrition EChOgraphy (DRECO) study) was designed to assess the usefulness of ultrasound of the rectus femoris for detecting sarcopenia in hospitalized patients at risk of malnutrition and to define cut-off values of ultrasound measures.
Methods: Patients at risk of malnutrition according to the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) underwent handgrip dynamometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), a Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and rectus femoris ultrasound studies. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria were used to define categories of sarcopenia (at risk, probable, confirmed, severe).
Introduction: The effects of the rs822393 variant of ADIPOQ gene on metabolic parameters such as insulin resistance and adiponectin levels following weight loss through dietary intervention are still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of rs822393 of ADIPOQ gene on adiponectin levels and metabolic parameters after weight loss with a high-fat hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern during 12 weeks.
Methods: A population of 283 patients with obesity was allocated to a dietary intervention trial with a high-fat hypocaloric diet during 12 weeks.
Article Synopsis
- The study assessed the effects of a diabetes-specific enteral nutrition formula on glycemia, comorbidities, and mortality in non-diabetic acute stroke patients requiring feeding via a nasogastric tube.
- The randomized trial included 52 patients (average age 77), comparing an isocaloric isoprotein formula (control group) against a diabetes-specific formula (experimental group).
- Results showed that the experimental group had significantly fewer cases of hyperglycemia and a better rate of recovery via the oral route, but no differences in length of stay or mortality rates were observed.
Background: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with a progressive course. The current prevalence is between 3 and 6 cases/100,000. Malnutrition is closely related to patient prognosis in ALS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with high rates of malnutrition, which can affect patient outcomes; this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of muscle ultrasonography in identifying malnutrition and predicting prognosis in ALS patients.
- The study analyzed 37 ALS patients using various methods to assess nutritional status, including anthropometric measurements and electrical bioimpedance analysis, alongside muscle ultrasonography of the quadriceps to evaluate both muscle mass and quality.
- Results found that nearly 46% of patients were malnourished according to established criteria, with significant correlations between muscle mass measured by ultrasound and various markers of body composition, indicating the potential usefulness of muscle ultrasonography in ALS management.
Background & Aims: Some studies have reported links between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the presence of obesity and some genetic variants. The aim of our design was to evaluate the effects of rs2282679 genetic variant of CG gene on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, weight loss and metabolic parameters after a robotic sleeve gastrectomy in premenopausal females with obesity.
Methods: 76 participants were enrolled.
Objective: Despite the availability of a wide range of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) offerings, individuals with malnutrition are still struggling to meet their nutritional targets. A new concentrated and high-protein energy-dense ONS (≥2.1 kcal/mL;32 g protein/200 mL) with high-quality protein (60% whey protein) has emerged as a pivotal formula to reach the patient's energy-protein requirements, enhance compliance, and maximize stimulation of muscle protein synthesis, key factors driving better nutritional, functional, and clinical outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Progression diets after bariatric surgery (BS) are restricted in calories and protein, and they may induce a worsening of body composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a modified diet with an oral nutritional supplement that is hyperproteic and normocaloric over the body composition.
Methods: A two-arm ambispective observational cohort study was designed.
Introduction: The potential influence of a Mediterranean diet (MD) on PhA values has been little researched. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adherence of a MD and PhA on adult sample population with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 331 patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Article Synopsis
- This Special Issue focuses on the diagnosis of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) in clinical settings.
- It emphasizes morphofunctional nutritional assessments, which involve evaluating physical and functional aspects of nutrition.
- The goal is to improve understanding and management of malnutrition in patients, aiding healthcare professionals in providing better care.
Unlabelled: Nutritional ultrasonography is an emerging technique for measuring muscle mass and quality. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the parameters of body mass and quality of ultrasonography with other parameters of morphofunctional assessment in patients with disease-related malnutrition (DRM).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed on 144 patients diagnosed with DRM according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria.
Relationship of circulating resistin levels with muscle mass determined by bioelectrical impedance in females with obesity.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed)
November 2023
Introduction: Serum resistin levels have been associated with obesity, visceral fat, and insulin resistance. Its relationship with muscle mass has been less evaluated.
Objectives: to evaluate the relationship between muscle mass determined by electrical bioimpedance and circulating resistin levels in obese women over 60 years of age.
Article Synopsis
- Hip fractures in patients aged 75 and older are highly disabling and often associated with malnutrition and sarcopenia, which is the loss of muscle mass and strength.
- A study evaluated 186 patients hospitalized for hip fractures, revealing that 37.1% were at nutritional risk, 16.7% were malnourished, and a significant percentage of the patients had sarcopenia.
- Results showed that patients with sarcopenia exhibited lower body mass index, older age, worse functional status, and greater disease burden, highlighting the interconnectedness of these conditions in older adults.
Background And Aims: Medical oncology inpatients are at a very high risk of malnutrition, and the presence of complications associated with malnutrition is significant in their evolution. It is necessary to have adequate tools in the diagnosis of malnutrition.
Objectives: This study is aimed to assess the nutritional status of cancer inpatients and compare the incidence of complications based on the nutritional diagnosis with different tools.
Introduction: There is a large body of evidence about immunonutrition formulas; however, there are still doubts about their usefulness in routine clinical practice as compared with standard formulas. In the age of personalized medicine, new studies appear every year regarding several types of patients; therefore, an updated point of view on these formulas is necessary.
Methods: The Embase database was searched from 2016 to 14 March 2022.
Article Synopsis
- Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) significantly impacts hospitalized patients, increasing morbidity and mortality rates while often going undiagnosed and untreated.
- A systematic review was conducted to assess the value of morphofunctional nutrition assessment tools, resulting in 12 GRADE recommendations across seven topics related to nutritional status evaluation.
- Out of 37 statements developed from these recommendations, 26 reached consensus among 183 experts, highlighting the feasibility of these assessment tools in routine clinical practice.