Andrographolide Inhibits Expression of NLPR3 Inflammasome in Canine Mononuclear Leukocytes.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that trigger processes through caspase-1 activation, leading to the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. The gene encoding the inflammasome stimulatory protein NLRP3 is conserved in canines. Caspase-1/4 homologues have been identified in multiple carnivores, including canines, and caspase-1 activity has been shown in humans.

The Effects of (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees and Andrographolide on Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and to date, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most common NDs. Of the many risk factors for neurodegeneration, the aging process has the most significant impact, to the extent that it is tempting to consider neurodegenerative disease as a manifestation of accelerated aging. However, genetic and environmental factors determine the course of neurodegenerative disease progression.

An exploratory double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of CitruSlim on body composition and lipid parameters in obese individuals.

The prevalence of obesity in developing and developed countries has been well recognized, and the worldwide obesity rates have nearly tripled since 1975, according to the World Health Organization. CitruSlim, a standardized product containing a blend of Citrus bergamia and Eurycoma longifolia, can reduce cortisol, cholesterol, triglycerides, and hyperglycemia. These properties can contribute to reduction in body weight or body mass index (BMI) in obese patients.

Andrographolide, an Anti-Inflammatory Multitarget Drug: All Roads Lead to Cellular Metabolism.

Andrographolide is a labdane diterpene and the main active ingredient isolated from the herb . Andrographolide possesses diverse biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antineoplastic properties. Clinical studies have demonstrated that andrographolide could be useful in therapy for a wide range of diseases such as osteoarthritis, upper respiratory diseases, and multiple sclerosis.

Efficacy of andrographolide in not active progressive multiple sclerosis: a prospective exploratory double-blind, parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune mediated disease and the progressive phase appears to have significant neurodegenerative mechanisms. The classification of the course of progressive MS (PMS) has been re-organized into categories of active vs. not active inflammatory disease and the presence vs.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of Andrographis paniculata standardized extract (ParActin®) on pain reduction in subjects with knee osteoarthritis.

Andrographis paniculata Wall (Acanthaceae) is becoming more recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of an andrographolide-containing supplement, ParActin® (300 and 600 mg daily), on Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain reduction in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Joint stiffness, physical function, changes in the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, a fatigue scale, and safety were also evaluated.

Andrographolide Stimulates Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus.

Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a labdane diterpenoid component of Andrographis paniculata widely used for its anti-inflammatory properties. We have recently determined that ANDRO is a competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a key enzyme of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. Since this signaling pathway regulates neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, we evaluated whether ANDRO stimulates this process.

Andrographolide reduces cognitive impairment in young and mature AβPPswe/PS-1 mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are a key factor in synaptic impairment and in spatial memory decline associated with neuronal dysfunction. This impairment includes synaptic failure associated with the loss of synaptic proteins that contribute to AD progression. Interestingly, the use of natural compounds is an emergent conceptual strategy in the search for drugs with therapeutic potentials for treating neurodegenerative disorders.

Andrographolide activates the canonical Wnt signalling pathway by a mechanism that implicates the non-ATP competitive inhibition of GSK-3β: autoregulation of GSK-3β in vivo.

Wnt/β-catenin signalling is an important pathway that regulates multiple biological processes, including cell adhesion and determination of cell fate during animal development; in the adult nervous system it regulates the structure and function of synapses. Wnt-signalling dysfunction is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. The use of natural compounds is an interesting strategy in the search for drugs with the therapeutic potential to activate this signalling pathway.

Andrographolide attenuates skeletal muscle dystrophy in mdx mice and increases efficiency of cell therapy by reducing fibrosis.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by the absence of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin, muscle wasting, increased transforming growth factor type beta (TGF-β) signaling, and fibrosis. At the present time, the only clinically validated treatments for DMD are glucocorticoids. These drugs prolong muscle strength and ambulation of patients for a short term only and have severe adverse effects.

Delphinidin activates NFAT and induces IL-2 production through SOCE in T cells.

Delphinidin is an anthocyanidin that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, some reports suggest that delphinidin has pro-inflammatory properties. For this reason, we assessed the effect of delphinidin on cytokine production in T cells. We demonstrated that delphinidin increased the cytosolic-free Ca(2+) concentration by releasing Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and increasing Ca(2+) entry.

Hypoglycemic effect of lupin seed γ-conglutin in experimental animals and healthy human subjects.

A lupin seed γ-conglutin-enriched preparation was tested in a glucose overload trial with both murine models and adult healthy volunteers. The results with rats showed a dose-dependent significant decrease of blood glucose concentration, which confirmed previous findings obtained with the purified protein. Moreover, three test-product doses equivalent to 630, 315, and 157.

Andrographolide reduces IL-2 production in T-cells by interfering with NFAT and MAPK activation.

The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor essential for cytokine production during T-cell activation and is the target of several immunosuppressive drugs. Andrographolide is a diterpenic labdane that possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Several studies propose that andrographolide can reduce the immune response through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways.

Release of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from beta-amyloid plaques assemblies improves the spatial memory impairments in APP-transgenic mice.

The major protein constituent of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid-beta-peptide (Abeta). Amyloid deposits contain "chaperone molecules" which play critical roles in amyloid formation and toxicity. In the present work, we test an analog of hyperforin (IDN 5706) which releases the AChE from both the Abeta fibrils and the AChE-Abeta burdens in transgenic mice.

Store-operated calcium entry mediates intracellular alkalinization, ERK1/2, and Akt/PKB phosphorylation in bovine neutrophils.

Neutrophil's responses to G protein-coupled chemoattractants are highly dependent on store-operated calcium (Ca(2+)) entry (SOCE). Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a primary chemoattractant, simultaneously increases cytosolic-free Ca(2+), intracellular pH (pH(i)), ERK1/2, and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation. In this study, we looked at the efficacy of several putative SOCE inhibitors and whether SOCE mediates intracellular alkalinization, ERK1/2, and Akt/PKB phosphorylation in bovine neutrophils.

14-deoxyandrographolide as a platelet activating factor antagonist in bovine neutrophils.

14-Deoxyandrographolide (14-DAP) is a labdane diterpene isolated from Andrographis paniculata with previously reported calcium channel blocking activity. Its potential platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activity in bovine neutrophils was assessed. 14-DAP, in concentrations between 10-100 microM, reduced the extracellular acidification rate and the intracellular alkalinization in a dose-dependent manner.

Andrographolide inhibits IFN-gamma and IL-2 cytokine production and protects against cell apoptosis.

Andrographolide is the main labdane diterpene present in Andrographis paniculata. Two lines of evidence report immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory properties for andrographolide in different models. Using murine T-cells in vitro we demonstrated that andrographolide and to a lesser extent, 14-deoxyandrographolide (14-DAP), reduced significantly, in a dose-dependent manner, the IFN-gamma production induced by concanavaline A (CON-A), with an IC50 of 1.

Andrographolide interferes with binding of nuclear factor-kappaB to DNA in HL-60-derived neutrophilic cells.

1. Andrographolide, the major active component from Andrographis paniculata, has shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Andrographolide inhibits the expression of several proinflammatory proteins that exhibit a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding site in their gene.

Andrographolide interferes with T cell activation and reduces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse.

Andrographolide is a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone derived from extracts of Andrographis paniculata, a plant indigenous to South Asian countries that shows anti-inflammatory properties. The molecular and cellular bases for this immunomodulatory capacity remain unknown. Here, we show that andrographolide is able to down-modulate both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses.

Determination of specific receptor sites for platelet activating factor in bovine neutrophils.

Objective: To identify and characterize a platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor in bovine neutrophils by use of radioligand binding, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and western blot analysis.

Animals: 4 healthy adult cows.

Procedure: Bovine neutrophil membranes were isolated for association, dissociation, and saturation binding experiments with PAF labeled with hydrogen 3 (3H-PAF).

Platelet-activating factor increases pH(i) in bovine neutrophils through the PI3K-ERK1/2 pathway.

1. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is known to stimulate a variety of neutrophil activities, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, reactive oxygen species production and intracellular pH increase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PAF on pH((i)), specifically if these changes in pH are the result of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation in bovine neutrophils.

Effect of 14-deoxyandrographolide on calcium-mediated rat uterine smooth muscle contractility.

In this study, the effect of 14-deoxyandrographolide (14-DAP) on calcium channel-dependent rat uterine smooth muscle contraction was evaluated. Using a tissue bath preparation, 14-DAP was able to reduce the contractile response to 0.3 and 3.