Numerical values and impact of hypertension in Spain.

In Spain, 33% of adults aged 30 to 79 years (10 million) were hypertensive in 2019. Among them, 68% were diagnosed, 57% received drug therapy, and effective therapeutic coverage (control) reached 33%. Both diagnosis and control show geographical and social disparities.

Safety and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Self-Biting Behavior in Lesch-Nyhan Disease.

Background: Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a disease of purine metabolism linked to chromosome X due to the absence or near-absence of enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Patients with LND have a compulsive autoaggressive behavior that consists of self-mutilation by biting.

Methods: The objective of this study was to explore the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin (BoNT) injected into the masticatory muscles and biceps brachii to reduce self-mutilation in patients with LND.

Macrocytic anemia in Lesch-Nyhan disease and its variants.

Purpose: Lesch-Nyhan disease is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by overproduction of uric acid and neurobehavioral abnormalities. The purpose of this study was  to describe macrocytic erythrocytes as another common aspect of the phenotype.

Methods: The results of 257 complete blood counts from 65 patients over a 23-year period were collected from 2 reference centers where many patients are seen regularly.

Atherosclerosis as a potential pitfall in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

Objectives: To explore whether the increase in the intima-media thickness (IMT) in arteriosclerotic disease correlates with the increase in the IMT in temporal arteries (TAs) and if that could mimic the US GCA halo sign.

Methods: Consecutive patients ⩾50 years old with high vascular risk and without signs or symptoms of GCA were included. The carotid US IMT measurements were obtained using a standardized software radiofrequency-tracking technology.

Home blood pressure vs. clinic blood pressure measurement-based follow up in type ii diabetics: Effect on 24-h ambulatory BP and albuminuria. Randomised trial.

Bakground And Objective: To compare the efficacy of two strategies of blood pressure (BP) measurement-based follow-up in hypertension and albuminuria control.

Patients And Methods: Multicentre, prospective, randomised, open trial with a parallel-group design. Nineteen primary care centres and a hospital clinic participated.

Clinic Versus Daytime Ambulatory Blood Pressure Difference in Hypertensive Patients: The Impact of Age and Clinic Blood Pressure.

Clinic blood pressure (BP) is usually higher than daytime ambulatory BP in hypertensive patients, but some recent studies have challenged this view, suggesting that this relationship is strongly influenced by age. We used the Spanish ambulatory BP monitoring cohort to examine differences between clinic and daytime BP by age among 104 639 adult hypertensive patients (office systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or treated) in usual primary-care practice, across the wide age spectrum. To assess the impact of age, cardiovascular variables, and clinic BP on the clinic-daytime BP differences, we built multivariable regression models of the average BP differences, white-coat hypertension (high clinic BP and normal daytime BP), and masked hypertension (normal clinic BP and high daytime BP).

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of the selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist ecopipam in patients with Lesch-Nyhan disease.

Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a genetic disorder that has characteristic metabolic, neurologic, and behavioral features. There are multiple behavioral problems including impulsivity, aggressiveness, and severe recurrent self-injurious behavior (SIB). This last behavior varies considerably across subjects and may encompass self-biting, self-hitting, scratching, head banging, and other injurious actions.

High prevalence of masked uncontrolled hypertension in people with treated hypertension.

Aim: There are limited data on the quality of treated blood pressure (BP) control during normal daily life, and in particular, the prevalence of 'masked uncontrolled hypertension' (MUCH) in people with treated and seemingly well-controlled BP is unknown. This is important because masked hypertension in 'treatment naïve' patients is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. We therefore conducted the first study to define the prevalence and characteristics of MUCH among a large sample of hypertensive patients in routine clinical practice in whom BP was treated and controlled to recommended clinic BP goals.

[Sugar and cardiovascular disease].

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the Spanish population and may be a relationship between the prevalence of these and excessive sugar consumption. In recent years, researchers have focused on the properties of these nutrients. Although there are many studies examining this association, the results are not unanimous.

Safety and efficacy of aliskiren/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide triple combination in patients with moderate to severe hypertension: a 54-week, open-label study.

Combination antihypertensive therapies are recommended to attain blood pressure (BP) targets especially in high-risk patients in whom rapid and pronounced BP control is essential. This 28- to 54-week, open-label, multicenter study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a triple combination, aliskiren with amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), in patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Following a washout period of up to 4 weeks, patients received aliskiren/HCTZ 300/12.

Knowledge of stroke warning symptoms and intended action in response to stroke in Spain: a nationwide population-based study.

Background: Worldwide thrombolysis rates remain suboptimal. Ambulance transfer is associated with greater use of this time-dependent treatment. Information on public awareness of stroke symptoms is important for planning effective education programs to promote calling of emergency services for suspected stroke.

Evaluation of the usefulness of a low-calorie diet with or without bread in the treatment of overweight/obesity.

Background & Aims: Despite the lack of scientific evidence, bread is one of the most restricted foods in popular hypocaloric diets. The aim of this study was to compare two nutrition strategies (with or without bread) designed to promote weight loss in overweight/obese women.

Methods: A clinical, prospective and randomised study in which 122 women >18 years, BMI ≥ 25 < 40 kg/m(2) were divided into two groups: intervention group (BREAD, n = 61) and control group (NO BREAD, n = 61).

[Prevalence of diabetes in an adult population in the region of Madrid (Spain). The Madrid Cardiovascular Risk study].

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glycemia in an adult population living in Madrid (Spain).

Methods: In this cross-sectional, population-based survey, we studied 1,344 adults aged 31-70 years, randomly selected from the population living in 14 primary care districts of the Madrid region. All participants underwent a clinical evaluation that included a clinical interview, physical examination and fasting blood analysis (glycemia, cholesterol and triglyceride levels).

Physician perception of blood pressure control and treatment behavior in high-risk hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: We examined physician perception of blood pressure control and treatment behavior in patients with previous cardiovascular disease and uncontrolled hypertension as defined by European Guidelines.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 321 primary care physicians throughout Spain consecutively studied 1,614 patients aged ≥18 years who had been diagnosed and treated for hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg), and had suffered a documented cardiovascular event. The mean value of three blood pressure measurements taken using standardized procedures was used for statistical analysis.

[Report of the editors, 2010].

The Editors of the Rev Clin Esp inform herein on their editorial activity in the last year (November 2009 to October 2010) according to three different sections: (a) Objectives and achievements during 2010, (b) editorial activity, and (c) objectives for 2011. During 2010, we have updated the editorial algorithm (manuscript time lag). We have developed the "E-case reports" section and we have linked the abstracts of the Annual Congress of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) to a journal supplement (electronically available).

Antihypertensive efficacy and safety of olmesartan and ramipril in elderly patients with mild to moderate systolic and diastolic essential hypertension.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of olmesartan medoxomil (O) and ramipril (R) in elderly patients with essential arterial hypertension.

Methods: After a 2-week placebo washout, 351 elderly hypertensive patients aged 65-89 years (office sitting diastolic blood pressure, DBP, 90-109 mmHg and office sitting systolic blood pressure, SBP, 140-179 mmHg) were randomized double-blind to 12-week treatment with O 10 mg or R 2.5 mg once daily.

Mechanisms for phenotypic variation in Lesch-Nyhan disease and its variants.

Lesch-Nyhan disease is a neurogenetic disorder caused by mutation of the HPRT1 gene on the X chromosome. There is significant variation in the clinical phenotype, with more than 300 different known mutations. There are few studies that have addressed whether similar mutations result in similar phenotypes across different patients because hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt) deficiency is rare, and most mutations are unique or limited to individual families.

[Variant phenotype of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome].

Background And Objective: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) and LNS variants are due to mutations in the HPRT1 gene causing HPRT enzymatic activity deficiency. We report a patient presenting a variant phenotype and a major genetic defect. The mutation has been previously reported as always associated with complete Lesch-Nyhan phenotype.