Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder. 15-year retrospective analysis.

Objectives: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are cancers found in the bronchopulmonary tract, where they were first described in 1926. The tumors are associated with poor prognosis due to their high metastatic potency even after radical treatments associated with other neo- or adjuvant therapies. NET of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor and accounts for 0.

Polymorphic deletions of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes and susceptibility to bladder cancer.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Bladder cancer susceptibility may be determined by genetic differences in the activity of glutathione S-transferases, enzymes that regulate the conversion of exogenous carcinogens to excretable hydrophilic metabolites by glutathione conjugation. The discrepancy of results regarding the association of common genetic polymorphisms and complex diseases such as cancer has raised scepticism in this area of research. Although the evidence generally supports the implication of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in bladder cancer, there is still some debate, with some studies in favour and some against.

Tumor inside an inguinoscrotal bladder hernia.

Objective: To describe two cases of urothelial tumors in inguinoscrotal bladder hernias and comment on the low incidence of this condition.

Methods: Two patients were diagnosed and treated by partial cystectomy and hernia repair.

Results: The clinical outcome of both patients was good at two and three years, respectively, and neither patient experienced hernia or tumor recurrence.

[Retroorbital metastasis in the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer].

Objective: To describe one case of advanced prostate cancer first presenting with binocular diplopia due to retroorbital metastasis.

Methods: We present the case of a 54-year-old patient with the diagnosis of disseminated prostate cancer treated by complete androgen blockade.

Results: After the start of hormonal treatment, the patient initially improved although survival was limited.

Implications of p53 gene mutations on patient survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a long-term study.

Objective: To determine the prognostic value of p53 gene mutations and P53 overexpression for predicting the incidence of recurrence, progression and long-term survival of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.

Methods: Prospective cohort study with 94 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated for TCC. DNA was obtained from tumor tissue to perform PCR-SSCP of p53 exons 5-9, with automatic sequencing of any mutated samples.

Sensitivity and specificity of p53 protein detection by immunohistochemistry in patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the genotypic and phenotypic patterns of p53 in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study of 73 patients diagnosed with TCC. DNA was obtained from the tumor tissue to perform polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) of exons 5-9 of the p53 gene, with automatic sequencing done on any mutated samples.

[Late lymph node metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. Case report].

Objective: To report one case of late metastasis of a clear cell carcinoma treated by radical surgery.

Methods/results: Patient with history of radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy six years before presenting with regional lymph node metastasis in a followup diagnostic test. After treatment with immunotherapy, stopped because of intolerance, surgery of the metastatic lymph node mass was decided.

Isolated testicular polyarteritis nodosa.

Isolated polyarteritis nodosa is a rare condition that may be triggered by local exposure to certain agents capable of provoking local immunostimulation without a systemic immune reaction. Isolated polyarteritis nodosa in the testes presents similar histologic characteristics as those of systemic inflammation, although infarcted areas in the testis are more common in generalized polyarteritis nodosa. Definitive diagnosis requires histologic study.

Determination of vhl gene mutations in sporadic renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: Characterization of the molecular status of the vhl gene and its relationship to the usual prognostic factors could help establish new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study determines the presence of vhl gene mutations in tumor tissue from patients with sporadic renal cell carcinoma, the relationship between the mutations and classic prognostic factors, and the possible impact on protein function.

Materials And Method: Cross-sectional analytical study investigating vhl gene mutations in tumor tissue by PCR testing of the gene exons and automatic sequencing in 96 patients with sporadic renal cell carcinoma.

[Penile incarceration by a steel ring].

Objectives: To report a new case of penile incarceration by a metallic object.

Methods: 28-year-old male presenting to the emergency room with a ring at the medial part of the penis that he was unable to remove. The ring was placed 16 hours before.