Liuweizhiji Gegen-Sangshen beverage protects against alcoholic liver disease in mice through the gut microbiota mediated SCFAs/GPR43/GLP-1 pathway.

Introduction: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a pathological state of the liver caused by longterm alcohol consumption. Recent studies have shown that the modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolic products, specifically the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exert a critical role in the evolution and progression of ALD. The Liuweizhiji Gegen-Sangshen beverage (LGS), as a functional beverage in China, is derived from a traditional Chinese herbal formula and has been clinically applied for ALD treatment, demonstrating significant efficacy.

The efficacy and active compounds of Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue granule to Ameliorate intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis by suppressing the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Intestinal mucosal barrier injury represents a critical complication of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) without effective treatment. This study investigated the efficacy, underlying mechanism, and responsible active compounds of the traditional Chinese medicinal prescription Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue granule (CHQY) in treating SAP-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury. SAP was established in Sprague-Dawley rats via intra-pancreaticobiliary duct infusion of sodium taurocholate, followed by oral CHQY administration (3.

Unraveling novel antioxidant peptides from Asian swamp eel: Identification, in silico selection, and mechanistic insights through quantum chemical calculation and molecular docking.

Fifteen novel antioxidant peptides were identified from Asian swamp eel (ASE) hydrolysate through in silico screening, demonstrating ABTS and ORAC activities ranging from 1.17 to 3.28 and 1.

Comparison of neoadjuvant single-agent treatment and dual-HER2 blockade for breast-conserving surgery conversion in HER2-positive breast cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: Neoadjuvant targeted therapy has shown that improve pathologic complete response and facilitate breast-conserving surgery, but the difference between single-agent treatment or dual-HER2 blockade to the conversion of breast-conserving surgery has not been well described.

Methods: Via the systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases, 5 eligible studies used to perform this meta-analysis, which was carried out using RevMan version 5.4.

Semaphorin 3D promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis through macrophage reprogramming.

Axon guidance molecules are frequently altered in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and influence PDA progression. However, the molecular mechanism remained unclear. Using genetically engineered mouse models to examine semaphorin 3D (SEMA3D), we identified a dual role for tumor- and nerve-derived SEMA3D in the malignant transformation of pancreatic epithelial cells and invasive PDA development.

Effect of Osteogenic Metabolic Differentiation of Silver Nanoparticles-based Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts on Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

Unlabelled: It was to clarify the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on biological functions of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs).

Methods: AgNPs were synthesized using a tannic acid reduction method and characterized accordingly. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to Normal group, Group A (orthodontic tooth movement after alveolar bone defect repair with a blood clot), and Group B (orthodontic tooth movement after alveolar bone defect repair with AgNPs), with five rats in each group.

Targeting heterogeneous tumor microenvironments in pancreatic cancer mouse models of metastasis by TGF-β depletion.

The dual tumor-suppressive and -promoting functions of TGF-β signaling has made its targeting challenging. We examined the effects of TGF-β depletion by AVID200/BMS-986416 (TGF-β-TRAP), a TGF-β ligand trap, on the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) murine models with different organ-specific metastasis. Our study demonstrated that TGF-β-TRAP potentiates the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) in a PDAC orthotopic murine model with liver metastasis tropism, significantly reducing liver metastases.

Design, Bioactivity, and Action Mechanism of Pyridinecarbaldehyde Phenylhydrazone Derivatives with Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity.

Replacing old pesticides with new pesticide varieties has been the main means to solve pesticide resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop new antifungal agents for plant protection. In this study, a series of pyridinecarbaldehyde phenylhydrazone derivatives were designed and evaluated for their inhibition activity on plant pathogenic fungi to search for novel fungicide candidates.

The controlling nutritional status score as a new prognostic predictor in patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy: a propensity score matching analysis.

Background: As assessment tools of nutritional status, the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) and modified controlling nutritional status (mCONUT) score are associated with survival in various cancers. We aimed to investigate the association between the CONUT/mCONUT score's prognostic value and survival time in patients with FIGO stage IIB-IIIB cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 165 patients between September 2013 and September 2015 were analyzed, and the optimal CONUT/mCONUT score cut-off values were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Nutritional therapy among adult patients with severe burns: A retrospective observational study.

Background And Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of nutritional therapy in adult patients with severe burns.

Methods And Study Design: Sixty adult patients with severe burns were enrolled. Data on nutritional intake through enteral nutrition (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN) on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-injury were collected.

Investigation of Antioxidant Mechanisms of Novel Peptides Derived from Asian Swamp Eel Hydrolysate in Chemical Systems and AAPH-Induced Human Erythrocytes.

Sixteen novel antioxidant peptides from Asian swamp eel (ASE) were identified in previous studies. However, their chemical and cellular antioxidant mechanisms remain unclear. Molecular docking of these peptides with ABTS and DPPH radicals revealed the critical role of hydrogen bonding and Pi-Pi stacking hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic amino acid residues and free radicals.

Overcome the challenge for intratumoral injection of STING agonist for pancreatic cancer by systemic administration.

Due to the challenge for intratumoral administration, innate agonists have not made it beyond preclinical studies for efficacy testing in most tumor types. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a hostile tumor microenvironment that renders T cells dysfunctional. Innate agonist treatments may serve as a T cell priming mechanism to sensitize PDACs to anti-PD-1 antibody (a-PD-1) treatment.

Characteristics of changes in volatile organic compounds and bacterial communities in physically preserved pigeon breast meat.

To understand the relationship between changes in aroma and bacteria in pigeon breast meat (PBM) during preservation, bacterial communities and volatile compounds in PBM were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Analyses of total viable bacteria counts revealed that modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) and electron beam irradiation (EBI) could be used to extend the shelf-life of PBM to 10 d and 15 d, respectively. Furthermore, Lactococcus spp.

Exploration and detection of nitrosamine impurity nitroso-STG-19 in sitagliptin tablets and API as well as nitrites in excipients by LC-MS/MS methods.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently reported a new nitrosamine impurity in sitagliptin that was named nitroso-STG-19 (NTTP), whose acceptable intake limit was extremely low at 37 ng per day. In addition, NTTP was found to be a degradation impurity in sitagliptin tablets, which was formed by the reaction of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-]pyrazine hydrochloride and nitrite salts introduced excipients. Consequently, the NTTP content in tablets was larger than that in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

Hsa_circRNA_101036 aggravates hypoxic-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress via the miR-21-3p/TMTC1 axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various types of cancer, including Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Hsa_circRNA_101036 was found to function as a cancer suppressor gene in OSCC; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the role of hsa_circRNA_101036 in OSCC development and progression and explored its potential as a therapeutic target.

Elucidating CTLA-4's role in tumor immunity: a comprehensive overview of targeted antibody therapies and clinical developments.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) emerges as a key single-chain transmembrane glycoprotein predominantly expressed in effector T cells and regulatory T cells. It plays a crucial role in tumor immunity by modulating T cell responses. Specifically, CTLA-4 dampens T cell activation and proliferation while bolstering the survival of regulatory T cell through its competitive interaction with B7 family molecules, thereby aiding tumor cells in eluding immune detection.

A novel Alisma orientale extract alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice via modulation of PPARα signaling pathway.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), leads to irreversible liver damage. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of a novel extract from traditional Chinese medicine Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep (AE) on free fatty acid (FFA)-induced HepG2 cell model and high-fat diet (HFD) + carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced mouse model of NASH.

Development and Validation of Analytical Procedure for Elemental Impurities in Rosuvastatin Calcium Tablets by ICP-MS and Microwave Digestion.

Rosuvastatin calcium is a widely used 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A-reductase inhibitor developed for the treatment of dyslipidemia. To establish a control strategy for the elemental impurities, a new digestion method combined with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was developed and validated by our team to determine elements Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, V, and Ni in rosuvastatin calcium tablets, which digest the sample perfectly even in the presence of a large number of excipients, especially titanium dioxide. The measurement mode was collision cell mode with kinetic energy discrimination (KED).

Genetic alterations in the neuronal development genes are associated with changes of the tumor immune microenvironment in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis and is highly metastatic. Our prior studies have demonstrated the critical role of axon guidance pathway genes in PDAC and the connection between neuronal development and the tumor microenvironment. A recent study newly identified 20 neuronal development genes [disks large homolog 2 (), neuron-glial-related cell adhesion molecule (), neurexin3 (), mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 (), platelet-derived growth factor D (), protein kinase C epsilon (), potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 (), polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (), neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (), neuregulin-1 (), zinc finger protein 667 (), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (), acyl-CoA medium-chain synthetase-3 (), complement 6 (), protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type M (), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (), adenylyl cyclase 5 (), adherens junctions-associated protein 1 (), neurobeachin (), sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9 ()] that are associated with perineural invasion and poor prognosis of PDAC.

Identification, in silico selection, and mechanistic investigation of antioxidant peptides from corn gluten meal hydrolysate.

Seven novel antioxidant peptides (AWF, LWQ, WIY, YLW, LAYW, LPWG, and LYFY) exhibiting a superior activity compared to trolox were identified through in silico screening. Among these, the four peptides (WIY, YLW, LAYW, and LYFY) displayed notably enhanced performance, with ABTS activity 2.58-3.

Mesothelin CAR T Cells Secreting Anti-FAP/Anti-CD3 Molecules Efficiently Target Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and its Stroma.

Purpose: Targeting solid tumors with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells remains challenging due to heterogenous target antigen expression, antigen escape, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a thick stroma generated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), which may contribute to the limited efficacy of mesothelin-directed CAR T cells in early-phase clinical trials. To provide a more favorable TME for CAR T cells to target pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we generated T cells with an antimesothelin CAR and a secreted T-cell-engaging molecule (TEAM) that targets CAF through fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and engages T cells through CD3 (termed mesoFAP CAR-TEAM cells).

Neurotrophic factor Neuritin modulates T cell electrical and metabolic state for the balance of tolerance and immunity.

The adaptive T cell response is accompanied by continuous rewiring of the T cell's electric and metabolic state. Ion channels and nutrient transporters integrate bioelectric and biochemical signals from the environment, setting cellular electric and metabolic states. Divergent electric and metabolic states contribute to T cell immunity or tolerance.

Targeting the activin receptor 1C on CD4+ T cells for cancer immunotherapy.

Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, have been isolated and identified in the endocrine system, but have not been substantially investigated in the context of the immune system and endocrine-unrelated cancers. Here, we demonstrated that tumor-bearing mice had elevated systemic activin levels, which correlated directly with tumor burden. Likewise, cancer patients have elevated plasma activin levels compared to healthy controls.

CXC chemokines: Potential biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma.

Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is one of the most common type of gynecological malignancies. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that CXC chemokines exerted an anti-tumor immunological role in the tumor microenvironment which were critical regulators of cancer immunity. However, the relevance of CXC chemokines in the evaluation of prognosis and immune infiltration of UCEC remains to be explored.