Anterior intercostal artery perforator flap in immediate breast reconstruction: Anatomical study and clinical application.

Background: Although the use of lateral intercostal artery perforator (ICAP) flaps for immediate breast reconstruction has been widely described, data on the use of the anterior ICAP (AICAP) flaps for this indication are limited. In this context, we describe the results of anatomical study and our clinical experience with AICAP flaps for breast reconstruction.

Methods: In this study, the location and characteristics of the AICAPs were dissected in 12 female adult formalin-preserved hemitrunks and two fresh-frozen cadavers.

The Anterior Intercostal Artery Flap: Anatomical and Radiologic Study.

Background: Reconstruction of the anterior thorax is complex because of the presence of aesthetically important areas such as the breast, sternum, and upper abdomen. For this reason, a wide variety of pedicled perforator flaps have been described. The anterior intercostal perforator flap is one of these perforators flaps and is valuable for use in breast reconstruction surgery.

Adrenohepatic fusion: Adhesion or invasion in primary virilizant giant adrenal carcinoma? Implications for surgical resection. Two case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Adrenohepatic fusion means union between the adrenal gland and the liver, intermingling its parenchymas. It is not possible to identify this condition by image tests. Its presence implies radical and multidisciplinar approach.