Dimensions of muddy brown granular casts in patients with acute tubular injury.

Background: The presence of "muddy" brown granular casts (MBGC) in the urine sediment is pathognomonic for acute tubular injury (ATI). Although MBGC have been noted for years, there are no reports regarding their length nor width. The objective of this study was to measure MBGC using images obtained by light microscopy and investigate associations with clinically relevant parameters.

Personal and Work-Related Burnout Is Associated with Elevated Diastolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Hypertension among Working Adults in Chile.

We aimed at investigating the association of personal and work-related burnout with blood pressure and hypertension among working adults in Chile. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 1872 working adults attending the Hospital del Trabajador in Santiago, Chile, between September 2015 and February 2018. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to assess personal and work-related burnout.

Evaluating the performance of the Pain Interference Index and the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire among Chilean injured working adults.

Background: Chronic pain can lead to economic instability, decreased job productivity, and poor mental health. Therefore, reliable identification and quantification of chronic pain is important for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish language versions of the Pain Interference Index (PII) and the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPG) among a population of working adults who experienced injury in Santiago, Chile.

Renal Considerations in COVID-19: Biology, Pathology, and Pathophysiology.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged into a worldwide pandemic of epic proportion. Beyond pulmonary involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a significant subset of patients experiences acute kidney injury. Patients who die from severe disease most notably show diffuse acute tubular injury on postmortem examination with a possible contribution of focal macro- and microvascular thrombi.

Equivalent Efficacy and Decreased Rate of Overcorrection in Patients With Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Given Very Low-Dose Tolvaptan.

Rationale & Objective: Euvolemic hyponatremia often occurs due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Vasopressin 2 receptor antagonists may be used to treat SIADH. Several of the major trials used 15 mg of tolvaptan as the lowest effective dose in euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia.

Construct validity and factor structure of a Spanish-language Social Support Questionnaire during early pregnancy.

Background: The Social Support Questionnaire - Short Form (SSQ-6) is a widely used instrument that assesses availability and satisfaction of a person's social support. The present study aimed to evaluate the construct validity and factor structure of the Spanish language version of the SSQ-6 during early pregnancy.

Participants And Methods: A total of 4,236 pregnant Peruvian women were interviewed at 10.

Safety and Efficacy of Repeat Open-Label AbobotulinumtoxinA Treatment in Pediatric Cerebral Palsy.

This was a prospective, repeat-treatment, open-label study (NCT01251380) of abobotulinumtoxinA for the management of lower limb spasticity in children who had completed a double-blind study. Children (2-17 years) received injections into the gastrocnemius-soleus complex, and other distal and proximal muscles as required (maximum total dose per injection cycle: 30 U/kg or 1000U). A total of 216 of the 241 double-blind patients entered the extension study and 207 received ≥1 open label injection into the gastrocnemius-soleus; 17-24% of patients also had injections into the hamstrings.

Migraine and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder among a cohort of pregnant women.

Background: Individually both migraine and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence estimates are higher among women. However, there is limited data on the association of migraine and PTSD in women during pregnancy.

Methods: We examined the association between migraine and PTSD among women attending prenatal clinics in Peru.

AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport) Improves Function According to Goal Attainment in Children With Dynamic Equinus Due to Cerebral Palsy.

This secondary analysis of a large (n = 241), randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy of 2 doses of abobotulinumtoxinA + standard of care (SOC) versus placebo + SOC in enabling children with dynamic equinus due to cerebral palsy to achieve their functional goals using Goal Attainment Scaling. Most parents/caregivers selected goals targeting aspects of gait improvement as most relevant. Mean (95% confidence interval) Goal Attainment Scaling T scores at week 4 were higher for both abobotulinumtoxinA groups versus placebo (treatment difference vs placebo: 10 U/kg/leg: 5.

Associations of self-reported and objectively measured sleep disturbances with depression among primary caregivers of children with disabilities.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association between sleep and depression using both self-reported (subjective) and actigraphic (objective) sleep traits.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 175 female primary caregivers of children with disabilities receiving care at a rehabilitation center in Punta Arenas, Chile. The eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used to ascertain participants' depression status.

Childhood Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence and Risk of Migraine Among Pregnant Women: An Epidemiologic Study.

Objective: To examine the independent and joint associations of childhood abuse and intimate partner violence with migraine among pregnant women.

Background: Childhood abuse and intimate partner violence have each been associated with migraine headaches in previous studies, but these associations have not been explored among pregnant women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a cohort of 2970 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in Lima, Peru.

Evaluation of actigraphy-measured sleep patterns among children with disabilities and associations with caregivers' educational attainment: results from a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To use wrist-actrigrphy to collect objective measures of sleep and to characterise actigraphy-measured sleep patterns among children with disabilities. We also assessed the extent to which, if at all, caregivers' education is associated with children's sleep disturbances.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Psychometric properties and factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire as a screening tool for anxiety and depressive symptoms in a multi-national study of young adults.

Background: Globally, common psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is a widely used questionnaire for screening or detecting common psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, construct validity and factor structure of the GHQ-12 in a large sample of African, Asian and South American young adults.

Caregivers' hair cortisol: a possible biomarker of chronic stress is associated with obesity measures among children with disabilities.

Background: The stress of caring for a loved one with chronic illness has been associated with childhood obesity. Hair cortisol has been proposed as a novel biomarker of chronic psychological stress. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between caregivers' chronic stress evaluated by hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and obesity measures among children with disabilities such as autism.

Construct validity and factor structure of the pittsburgh sleep quality index and epworth sleepiness scale in a multi-national study of African, South East Asian and South American college students.

Background: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) are questionnaires used to assess sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in clinical and population-based studies. The present study aimed to evaluate the construct validity and factor structure of the PSQI and ESS questionnaires among young adults in four countries (Chile, Ethiopia, Peru and Thailand).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 8,481 undergraduate students.

Attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of caregivers and rehabilitation providers about disabled children's sleep health: a qualitative study.

Background: Children with disabilities are more likely to have sleep disturbances than children without disabilities. Identifying attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and perceptions of caregivers and health professionals is essential in developing effective intervention programs to improve disabled children's sleep health. However, no such qualitative data about adults who have key roles in the life and daytime activities of children with disabilities are available.

Smoking and perceived stress in relation to short salivary telomere length among caregivers of children with disabilities.

Telomere length (TL), the length of repeated DNA sequence that forms protective caps at the end of chromosomes, has emerged as a novel biomarker of cell aging and oxidative stress. There is increasing research exploring the associations of smoking and perceived stress with TL, and the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to examine whether smoking and perceived stress were associated with shortened salivary TL among primary caregivers of children with disabilities.

The Relationship between High Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and General and Central Obesity: Findings from a Sample of Chilean College Students.

This cross-sectional study evaluates the prevalence and extent to which high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with general obesity and central obesity among college students in Punta Arenas, Chile. Risk for OSA was assessed using the Berlin Questionnaire and trained research nurses measured anthropometric indices. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) of 25-29.

Daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, eveningness chronotype, and common mental disorders among Chilean college students.

Objectives: To evaluate whether daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, and morningness and eveningness preferences are associated with common mental disorders (CMDs) among college students.

Methods: A total of 963 college students completed self-administered questionnaires that collected information about sociodemographic characteristics, sleep quality characteristics, CMDs, and other lifestyle behaviors.

Results: The prevalence of CMDs was 24.

Caregiver perceptions of child nutritional status in Magallanes, Chile.

Background: We aimed to identify risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity and the accuracy of caregivers'€™ perceptions of their child's nutritional status in the Magallanes region, Patagonia, Chile.

Methods: Heights and weights of children attending day care centers and elementary schools were collected and caregivers completed questionnaires regarding their child's health and behavior. The child's nutritional status was diagnosed using the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards (for children under age 6) and the CDC 2000 Growth Charts (for children age 6 and older).

The Epidemiology of Sleep Quality and Consumption of Stimulant Beverages among Patagonian Chilean College Students.

Objectives. (1) To assess sleep patterns and parameters of sleep quality among Chilean college students and (2) to evaluate the extent to which stimulant beverage use and other lifestyle characteristics are associated with poor sleep quality. Methods.