Biochemical differences based on sex and clusters of biomarkers in patients with COVID-19: analysis from the CARDIO COVID 19-20 registry.

Background: The inflammatory response associated with COVID-19 varies with sex, potentially affecting disease outcomes. Males have a higher risk of complications compared to females, requiring an evaluation of differences in inflammatory response severity based on sex.

Objective: To compare clinical data, biochemical biomarkers, and outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C) based on sex and to perform a cluster analysis of biomarker profiles for both sexes.

Marked Global Differences in Mortality in Male Patients with COVID-19: An Analysis of the CARDIO COVID 19-20 and WHF COVID-19 CVD Studies.

Background: COVID-19 has led to nearly seven million deaths and male sex has been reported as one of the main risk factors for mortality. Few studies have analyzed cohorts of male patients, especially in underrepresented regions in the medical literature, such as low and middle-income nations. To address this gap, we conducted large-scale, male-specific, multinational analyses, to improve understanding of factors associated with mortality in this high-risk population and global variations.