Retinoblastoma: Review and new insights.

Retinoblastoma (Rb), the most frequent malignant intraocular tumor in childhood, is caused by mutations in the retinoblastoma gene () situated on chromosome 13q14.2. The incidence of retinoblastoma is approximately 1 in 17,000 live births with approximately 8,000 new cases diagnosed each year worldwide.

Proteomics: a tool to develop novel diagnostic methods and unravel molecular mechanisms of pediatric diseases.

Proteomics is the study of the expression of changes and post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins along a metabolic condition either normal or pathological. In the field of health, proteomics allows obtaining valuable data for treatment, diagnosis or pathophysiological mechanisms of different illnesses. To illustrate the aforementioned, we describe two projects currently being performed at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría: The immuno-proteomic study of cow milk allergy and the Proteomic study of childhood cataract.

Short report: neonatal screening pilot study of Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection in Mexico.

Congenital toxoplasmosis is an obstetric problem in Mexico, but its actual frequency is unknown. Using a network for screening of non-infectious disorders, we performed a pilot study to determine the frequency of IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 1,003 infants (53.1% male, mean +/- SD age = 18.

[Allergens and risk factors in pediatric patients with allergic seasonal conjunctivitis].

Background: The seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammatory disease of the ocular surface that affects mainly children, with predominance of male sex. It is an immunological disease with a typical reaction of hypersensitivity type 1 (IgE), resulted from several biological reactions (antigen-antibody) and it's associated to several risk factors.

Objective: To determine the more frequently identified allergens and the associated risk factors to the seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in children living in Mexico City.