Multimorbidity patterns, sociodemographic characteristics, and mortality: Data science insights from low-resource settings.

Multimorbidity data is typically analysed by tallying disease counts, which overlooks nuanced relationships among conditions. We identified clusters of multimorbidity and subpopulations with varying risks and examined their association with all-cause mortality using a data-driven approach. We analysed 8-year follow-up data of people ≥35 years who were part of the CRONICAS Cohort Study, a multisite cohort from Peru.

Defining Mental Health Conditions Within Primary Care Data: A Validation Study With a Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Approach.

Objectives: To validate codelists for defining a range of mental health (MH) conditions with primary care data, using a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach and without requiring external data.

Methods: We validated Read codelists, selecting and classifying them in three steps. The qualitative step included an in-depth revision of the codes by six doctors.

Adaptation of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) in Spanish.

The impact of social networks on people's daily lives is worrisome, particularly in adolescents and young people, who seem to exceed the limits of normal use. Constant excessive use can lead to pathological behaviors linked to social media addiction (SMA). Our objectives were to 1) adapt the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) to Spanish and 2) evaluate its psychometric properties in a young population.

What over the counter (OTC) products have been evaluated for anxiety in adults aged 18-60? A scoping review.

Background: Anxiety symptoms and disorders are common in the UK. Whilst waiting for, or alongside, treatments such as anxiolytics or psychological therapies, people often self-manage anxiety symptoms with products purchased over-the-counter (OTC), such as herbal medicines or dietary supplements. However, the evidence for these products is often presented across different reviews and is not easy for patients or healthcare professionals to compare and understand.

A scoping review of over-the-counter products for depression, anxiety and insomnia in older people.

Background: Depression, anxiety, and insomnia are prevalent in older people and are associated with increased risk of mortality, dependency, falls and reduced quality of life. Prior to or whilst seeking treatment, older people often manage these symptoms or conditions using products purchased over the counter (OTC), such as medication or herbal products. This review aims to map the evidence available for OTC medications, herbal medicines and dietary supplements for depression, anxiety and insomnia in older adults.

Severe mental illness as a risk factor for recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in people aged ≥50 years: retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data.

Background: Severe mental illness (SMI) has been associated with reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures, although some studies have shown inconsistent results.

Aim: To examine the association between SMI and recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis and fragility fracture in people aged ≥50 years.

Design And Setting: Population-based cohort study set in UK primary care.

Exploring the co-occurrence of depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms, diagnoses and treatments in primary care: observational study using UK primary care data.

Background: Depression, anxiety and insomnia often co-occur. However, there is a lack of research regarding how they cluster and how this is related to medication used to treat them.

Aims: To describe the frequencies and associations between depression, anxiety and insomnia, and treatment for these conditions in primary care.

Understanding the association between pain and delirium in older hospital inpatients: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Delirium and pain are common in older adults admitted to hospital. The relationship between these is unclear, but clinically important. We aimed to systematically review the association between pain (at rest, movement, pain severity) and delirium in this population.

Witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood and help-seeking behaviours in violence against women in Peru.

Background: Violence against women (VAW) severely impacts their physical and mental health. In some cultures, women can normalize certain types of violence if they were linked to home models in childhood and, eventually, do not seek for help in adulthood. We aimed to determine, in Peruvian women, (1) the association between witnessing violence in their family of origin and VAW experienced in adulthood, (2) the extent to which women who have experienced VAW seek some help, and (3) identify VAW prevalence by Peruvian region.

Risk of Parkinson's disease in people aged ≥50 years with new-onset anxiety: a retrospective cohort study in UK primary care.

Background: A history of anxiety is more common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The prospective risk of PD in those newly presenting with anxiety and factors that increase the risk of PD in patients with anxiety have not been investigated.

Aim: To investigate the incidence of PD in people with anxiety aged ≥50 years and clinical features associated with later diagnosis of PD in people with anxiety.

Cultural adaptation to Bolivian Quechua and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9.

Objective: Cultural adaptation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ-9 to Bolivian Quechua and analysis of the internal structure validity, reliability, and measurement invariance by sociodemographic variables.

Methods: The PHQ-9 was translated and back-translated (English-Quechua-English) to optimise translation. For the cultural adaptation, experts, and people from the target population (e.

COVID-19-Related Experiences and Perspectives of Peruvian College Students: A Descriptive Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected higher education and higher education students around the world, but few studies of college students' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic have been conducted in Latin America. This study describes the COVID-19-related experiences and perspectives of Peruvian college students. We surveyed 3,427 full-time college students (average age: 23 years) attending a multi-campus Peruvian university in fall 2020.

Differences in family functioning before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study in Peruvian families.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on family relationships, as several families have lost family members due to COVID-19 pandemic and become physically and emotionally estranged due to lockdown measures and critically economic periods. Our study contrasted two hypotheses: (1) family functioning changed notably before and after the COVID-19 pandemic initiation in terms of cohesion, flexibility, communication and satisfaction; (2) balanced families have a greater capacity to strictly comply with quarantine (., social confinement), compared to unbalanced families.

Cultural adaptation to quechua and psychometric analysis of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in a peruvian population.

Objective: . To translate and culturally adapt the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to three varieties of Quechua and analyse their validity, reliability, and measurement invariance.

Materials And Methods: .

Drug-induced orthostatic hypotension: Cluster analysis of co-prescription patterns in older people in UK primary care.

Purpose: Over 250 medications are reported to cause orthostatic hypotension, associated with serious adverse outcomes in older adults. Studies suggest a harmful cumulative risk of orthostatic hypotension with multiple medication use. However, there is limited evidence on the potential for harm in practice, particularly which drugs is co-prescribed and may increase risk of orthostatic hypotension.

Mental health data available in representative surveys conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean countries: a scoping review.

Background: Mental health data from Latin America and the Caribbean countries (LACC) national and international surveys are essential for public health surveillance. This review aimed to identify and describe available mental health survey data in LACC, providing access details for researchers.

Methods: Our study was a scoping review.

The short-form of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS-12): Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version in young Peruvian students.

Background: Cyberchondria is defined as the increase in health-related anxiety or anguish associated with excessive or repeated online searches for health-related information. Our objective was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the CSS-12 scale for Peruvian Spanish speakers, to determine whether the Bifactor model works as well in our population as in previous studies' and to explore whether the Bifactor-ESEM is a more suitable model.

Methods: We performed a cultural adaptation using the Delphi method and a validation study on medical students between 2018 and 2019.

Sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, PHQ-8, PHQ-2) and General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7, GAD-2) for depression and anxiety diagnosis: a cross-sectional study in a Peruvian hospital population.

Objectives: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD) are widely used screening tools, but their sensitivity and specificity in low-income and middle-income countries are lower than in high-income countries. We conducted a study to determine the sensitivity and specificity of different versions of these scales in a Peruvian hospital population.

Design: Our study has a cross-sectional design.

Development of a Mobile Health Application Based on a Mixed Prenatal Care in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective:  We describe the development and structure of a novel mobile application in a mixed model of prenatal care, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we assess the acceptability of this mobile app in a cohort of patients.

Methods:  First, we introduced a mixed model of prenatal care; second, we developed a comprehensive, computer-based clinical record to support our system.

Scoping review of measures of treatment burden in patients with multimorbidity: advancements and current gaps.

Objectives: To identify, assess, and summarize the measures to assess burden of treatment in patients with multimorbidity (BoT-MMs) and their measurement properties.

Study Design And Setting: MEDLINE via PubMed was searched from inception until May 2021. Independent reviewers extracted data from studies in which BoT-MMs were developed, validated, or reported as used, including an assessment of their measurement properties (e.

Association of psychiatric consultant characteristics with clinical outcomes of collaborative care for depression.

Context: Adult depression treatment in primary care is improved by integrated behavioral health such as the Collaborative Care Model (CoCM) but outcomes vary across health centers. Objective: Identify CoCM team factors associated with variation in clinical outcomes. Study Design: Correlative study of survey with linked clinical data from routine care.

Genetic Characterization in High-Risk Individuals from a Low-Resource City of Peru.

Background: Genetic testing for hereditary cancers is inconsistently applied within the healthcare systems in Latin America. In Peru, the prevalence and spectrum of cancer-predisposing germline variants is thus poorly characterized. Purpose: To determine the spectrum and prevalence of cancer-predisposing germline variants and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in high-risk individuals located in a Peruvian low-resource setting city.

Mental health among the sugarcane industry farmers and non-farmers in Peru: a cross-sectional study on occupational health.

Objective: Describe the occupational characteristics of farmer and non-farmer workers and investigate critical occupational risk factors for mental disorders in sugarcane farmers in Peru.

Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study with occupational health and safety focus among farmers and non-farmers. Mental disorder symptoms were evaluated through the local validated version of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).

Cardiovascular outcomes of type 2 diabetic patients treated with DPP‑4 inhibitors versus sulphonylureas as add-on to metformin in clinical practice.

DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and sulphonylureas remain the most widely prescribed add-on treatments after metformin. However, there is limited evidence from clinical practice comparing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients prescribed these treatments, particularly among those without prior history of MACE and from vulnerable population groups. Using electronic health records from UK primary care, we undertook a retrospective cohort study with people diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus, comparing incidence of MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke, major cardiovascular surgery, unstable angina) and all-cause mortality among those prescribed DPP-4i versus sulphonylureas as add-on to metformin.

Evaluation of procalcitonin-guided antimicrobial stewardship in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Background: Procalcitonin is a biomarker that may be able to identify patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who do not require antimicrobials for bacterial respiratory tract co-infections.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a procalcitonin-guided algorithm in rationalizing empirical antimicrobial prescriptions in non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: Retrospective, single-site, cohort study in adults hospitalized with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 pneumonia and receiving empirical antimicrobials for potential bacterial respiratory tract co-infection.