A Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increases the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection.

The COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest global health problem in the last hundred years. The efficacy of the vaccine to protect against severe disease is estimated to be 70-95% according to the studies carried out, although there are aspects of the immune response to the vaccine that remain unclear. Humoral and cellular immunity after the administration of three doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford AstraZeneca vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 over one year and the appearance of post-vaccination COVID-19 were studied.

Latent Microsporidia Infection Prevalence as a Risk Factor in Colon Cancer Patients.

Microsporidia are opportunistic intracellular parasites, generating serious pathology in individuals with a compromised immune system. Infection by microsporidia inhibits p53 and Caspase 3, proteins involved in apoptosis and the cell cycle, which are vital in the malignant process of epithelial cells. The presence of microsporidia in the intestinal tissues of 87 colon cancer (CC) patients and 25 healthy controls was analyzed by real-time PCR and an immunofluorescence antibody test.

Association between anti-Anisakis simplex antibodies and interleukin-7 levels.

IL-7 is a crucial factor for the development of lymphocytes, and it is absolutely necessary for γδ T cells. Mice deficient in L-7 have a deficit of B and αβ T lymphocytes, and an absence of mature γδ TCR cells. IL-7 is essential for the survival, development and maturation of Schistosoma sp.

Anisakis simplex: Immunomodulatory effects of larval antigens on the activation of Toll like Receptors.

Aims: The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the mechanisms Anisakis simplex employs to modify its host immune system, regarding the larval antigens interactions with Toll-Like-Receptors (TLRs).

Methods And Results: In a previous study, we described that the stimulation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) with A. simplex larval antigens drive an acute inflammatory response in BALB/c mice, but a more discrete and longer response in C57BL/6J.

Lymphopenia in hospitalized patients and its relationship with severity of illness and mortality.

Background: Lymphopenia is associated with various pathologies such as sepsis, burns, trauma, general anesthesia and major surgeries. All these pathologies are clinically expressed by the so-called Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome which does not include lymphopenia into defining criteria. The main objective of this work was to analyze the diagnosis of patients admitted to a hospital related to lymphopenia during hospital stay.

Laparoscopic Versus Open Incisional Hernia Repair: Long-Term Follow-up Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Long-term extension of a previous randomized controlled clinical trial comparing open (OVHR) vs. laparoscopic (LVHR) ventral hernia repair, assessing recurrence, reoperation, mesh-related complications and self-reported quality of life with 10 years of follow-up.

Methods: Eighty-five patients were followed up to assess recurrence (main endpoint), reoperation, mesh complications and death, from the date of index until recurrence, death or study completion, whichever was first.

Differences in circulating γδ T cells in patients with primary colon cancer and relation with prognostic factors.

Downregulation of the T cell system has been proposed as a mechanism to block immunity in colonic cancer (CC). However, little has been studied about circulating αβ and γδ T cells and their immunological status in newly diagnosed patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the αβ and γδ T cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with CC matched with healthy volunteers.

Induction of tolerogenic properties by Anisakis larval antigens on murine dendritic cells.

Aims: The objective of this work is to investigate whether Anisakis simplex larval antigens present immunomodulatory properties by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) from two strains of mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6J).

Methods And Results: We used mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. We determined their antigen-presenting ability by expression of membrane markers (MHC I and MHC II, CD80, CD86) and intracellular expression levels of IL-10 and IL-12 cytokines.

B1a Lymphocytes (CD19+CD5+) Deficiency in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Its Relation with Disease Severity.

Background/aims: B1a cells (CD19+CD5+) are considered elements of the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of B1a cells in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and its relation with disease severity.

Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 128 subjects (64 CD patients and 64 healthy controls) were studied.

Gammadelta T Cells in Crohn's Disease: A New Player in the Disease Pathogenesis?

Crohn's disease [CD] is a chronic relapsing systemic disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract. An altered immune response to commensal intestinal bacteria takes place in genetically predisposed individuals, resulting in chronic inflammation in the gut. Several alterations in the innate immunity mechanisms have been described in recent years.

Rectal advancement flap for the treatment of complex cryptoglandular anal fistulas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Rectal advancement flap is an accepted approach for treating complex fistula-in-ano. However, a diversity of technical modifications have been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate recurrence and fecal continence rates after performing rectal advancement flaps depending upon flap thickness (full-thickness, partial-thickness, or mucosal flaps) and treatment of the fistulous tract (core-out or curettage).

A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of secretory immunoglobulin A in serum.

Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in serum is possibly the best index of SIgA presence in mucosal secretions in digestive tract and the mirror of its immunologic barrier against many pathogenic aggressions. The measurement of salivary SigA alone may be affected by total salivary secretion and its final concentration in the gland lumen is probably not useful as an appropriate index of mucosal secretions in the digestive tract. The usefulness of the determination of SigA against various epitopes in serum from patients with various autoimmune disease has been demonstrated.

Deficit of gammadelta T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Gammadelta T lymphocytes are an important component of innate immunity. Previous studies have shown their role in the development of Crohn's-like colitis in mice.

Aims: The aim of this study was to measure the γδ T lymphocyte levels in Crohn's disease (CD) patients.

Epidemiology of sepsis in the Valencian Community (Spain), 1995-2004.

Objective: To study the incidence of sepsis in the Valencian Community (Spain) during a period of 10 years (1995-2004).

Methods: We downloaded data on discharge diagnoses of septicemia in all 26 public hospitals in the Valencian Community during the 10-year study period, as well as the additional discharge diagnoses of each patient.

Results: We identified 33,767 cases of sepsis during the study period.

Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) deficiency in serum of patients with GALTectomy (appendectomy and tonsillectomy).

Introduction: In adult human beings, 80-85% of the immune cells are located in the digestive tract mucosa; hence the importance of the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in host defence. We studied the influence of the surgical removal of two important parts of the gut associated with lymphoid tissue (tonsillectomy and appendectomy) on immune parameters.

Methods: One hundred and sixty patients were enrolled in this study.