Artificial Intelligence for Breast US.

US is a widely available, commonly used, and indispensable imaging modality for breast evaluation. It is often the primary imaging modality for the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in low-resource settings. In addition, it is frequently employed as a supplemental screening tool via either whole breast handheld US or automated breast US among women with dense breasts.

Management of Architectural Distortion on Digital Breast Tomosynthesis With Nonmalignant Pathology at Biopsy.

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has led to increased detection and biopsy of architectural distortion, which may yield malignancy, radial scar, or other benign pathologies. Management of nonmalignant architectural distortion on DBT remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine upgrade rates of architectural distortion on DBT from nonmalignant pathology at biopsy to malignancy at surgery.

Addressing Linguistic Barriers to Care: Evaluation of Breast Cancer Online Patient Educational Materials for Spanish-Speaking Patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the readability of breast cancer online patient educational materials (OPEM) written in Spanish and to compare to equivalent English-language OPEM.

Methods: The breast cancer-related terms cáncer de seno (breast cancer), detección de cáncer de seno (breast cancer screening), and biopsia de seno (breast biopsy) were queried using an online search engine. After each query, educational information related to the queried term was downloaded from each website appearing on the first five search engine result pages.

Intraarticular injection of relaxin-2 alleviates shoulder arthrofibrosis.

Arthrofibrosis is a prevalent condition affecting greater than 5% of the general population and leads to a painful decrease in joint range of motion (ROM) and loss of independence due to pathologic accumulation of periarticular scar tissue. Current treatment options are limited in effectiveness and do not address the underlying cause of the condition: accumulation of fibrotic collagenous tissue. Herein, the naturally occurring peptide hormone relaxin-2 is administered for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) and to restore glenohumeral ROM in shoulder arthrofibrosis.

Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder.

This proposal aims to create an in vivo rat model of adhesive capsulitis for researching potential treatment options for this condition and other etiologies of comparable arthrofibrosis. The model includes extra-articular fixation of the shoulder in rats via scapular to humeral suturing, resulting in a secondary contracture without invading the intra-articular space and resulting in decreased rotational ROM and increased joint stiffness. We used 10 Sprague-Dawley rats for the purpose of this study.

Effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on bones of healthy mice.

Background & Aims: Altering the lipid component in diets may affect the incidence of metabolic bone disease in patients dependent on parenteral nutrition. Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can impact bone health by modulating calcium metabolism, prostaglandin synthesis, lipid oxidation, osteoblast formation, and osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effects of PUFA on murine bone health.

On-Demand Dissolution of a Dendritic Hydrogel-based Dressing for Second-Degree Burn Wounds through Thiol-Thioester Exchange Reaction.

An adhesive yet easily removable burn wound dressing represents a breakthrough in second-degree burn wound care. Current second-degree burn wound dressings absorb wound exudate, reduce bacterial infections, and maintain a moist environment for healing, but are surgically or mechanically debrided from the wound, causing additional trauma to the newly formed tissues. We have developed an on-demand dissolvable dendritic thioester hydrogel burn dressing for second-degree burn care.

In vivo kinetic evaluation of an adhesive capsulitis model in rats.

Background And Hypothesis: We hypothesized that extra-articular, internal fixation of the shoulder in rats would result in a subsequent decrease in rotational range of motion (ROM) and an increase in joint stiffness. We further hypothesized that residual kinematic changes would still be present at 8 weeks after immobilization. Extra-articular, internal fixation of the shoulder has been used to induce adhesive capsulitis in rats; however, the effects on in vivo kinematics have not been assessed.

Does CT-based Rigidity Analysis Influence Clinical Decision-making in Simulations of Metastatic Bone Disease?

Background: There is a need to improve the prediction of fracture risk for patients with metastatic bone disease. CT-based rigidity analysis (CTRA) is a sensitive and specific method, yet its influence on clinical decision-making has never been quantified.

Questions/purposes: What is the influence of CTRA on providers' perceived risk of fracture? (2) What is the influence of CTRA on providers' treatment recommendations in simulated clinical scenarios of metastatic bone disease of the femur? (3) Does CTRA improve interobserver agreement regarding treatment recommendations?

Methods: We conducted a survey among 80 academic physicians (orthopaedic oncologists, musculoskeletal radiologists, and radiation oncologists) using simulated vignettes of femoral lesions presented as three separate scenarios: (1) no CTRA input (baseline); (2) CTRA input suggesting increased risk of fracture (CTRA+); and (3) CTRA input suggesting decreased risk of fracture (CTRA-).

The efficacy of a lysine-based dendritic hydrogel does not differ from those of commercially available tissue sealants and adhesives: an ex vivo study.

Background: Hemostatic agents, tissue adhesives and sealants may contribute to a reduction in hemorrhage-associated morbidity and mortality. Towards this end, we have recently developed a lysine-based dendritic hydrogel (PEG-LysNH2) that can potentially be used in the management of severe trauma and/or intraoperative bleeding. As a first step in demonstrating the potential utility of this approach, our objective was to ascertain the ability of the PEG-LysNH2 to adhere to and seal injured tissues, as well as to maintain the seal under physiological conditions.

Hierarchical analysis and multi-scale modelling of rat cortical and trabecular bone.

The aim of this study was to explore the hierarchical arrangement of structural properties in cortical and trabecular bone and to determine a mathematical model that accurately predicts the tissue's mechanical properties as a function of these indices. By using a variety of analytical techniques, we were able to characterize the structural and compositional properties of cortical and trabecular bones, as well as to determine the suitable mathematical model to predict the tissue's mechanical properties using a continuum micromechanics approach. Our hierarchical analysis demonstrated that the differences between cortical and trabecular bone reside mainly at the micro- and ultrastructural levels.

Treatment Planning and Fracture Prediction in Patients with Skeletal Metastasis with CT-Based Rigidity Analysis.

Purpose: Pathologic fractures could be prevented if reliable methods of fracture risk assessment were available. A multicenter prospective study was conducted to identify significant predictors of physicians' treatment plan for skeletal metastasis based on clinical fracture risk assessments and the proposed CT-based Rigidity Analysis (CTRA).

Experimental Design: Orthopedic oncologists selected a treatment plan for 124 patients with 149 metastatic lesions based on the Mirels method.

Biomechanics and mechanobiology of trabecular bone: a review.

Trabecular bone is a highly porous, heterogeneous, and anisotropic material which can be found at the epiphyses of long bones and in the vertebral bodies. Studying the mechanical properties of trabecular bone is important, since trabecular bone is the main load bearing bone in vertebral bodies and also transfers the load from joints to the compact bone of the cortex of long bones. This review article highlights the high dependency of the mechanical properties of trabecular bone on species, age, anatomic site, loading direction, and size of the sample under consideration.

Computed tomography-based rigidity analysis: a review of the approach in preclinical and clinical studies.

The assessment of fracture risk in patients afflicted with osseous neoplasms has long presented a problem for orthopedic oncologists. These patients are at risk for developing pathologic fractures through lytic defects in the appendicular and axial skeleton with devastating consequences on their quality of life. Lesions with a high risk of fracture may require prophylactic surgical stabilization, whereas low-risk lesions can be treated conservatively.

[Flow cytometry model for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against of IFN-β].

Introduction: Interferon beta (IFN-β) is a treatment for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. However, the therapeutic use of recombinant proteins induces a humoral immunologic response resulting in the induction of binding (BAb) or neutralizing (NAb) antibodies against the biological product. The presence of neutralizing antibodies has been associated with decreased IFN-β treatment efficacy.