In Vitro Purging of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) Cells with the Use of PTL, DMAPT, or PU-H71.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematopoietic disorder that mainly affects the child population, and it is characterized by the presence of lymphoid progenitor or precursor cells with different genetic alterations. The origin of this disease is controversial, since some authors assumed that leukemic transformation occurs in a lymphoid progenitor, and there is also evidence that suggests the existence of leukemic initiating cells (LIC). PTL, DMAPT, and PU-H71 are agents that have been shown to eliminate bulk and stem cells from myeloid leukemias, but this effect has not been analyzed in lymphoblastic leukemias.

Umbilical hernia and clinical course of patients with bile duct atresia.

Background: Bile atresia is children's leading cause of cirrhosis. Its high morbidity and mortality are explained by its complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding and portal hypertension. Umbilical hernia has been embryologically and clinically associated with portal hypertension and cirrhosis; however, the clinical evolution of patients with bile atresia and umbilical hernia is unknown, so the aim of the study is to describe this link.

Levels of Plasma Endothelin-1, Circulating Endothelial Cells, Endothelial Progenitor Cells, and Cytokines after Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Role of Endothelin-1 Regulation.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) can be complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for corrective surgery may cause endothelial dysfunction, involving endothelin-1 (ET-1), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). These markers can gauge disease severity, but their levels in children's peripheral blood still lack consensus for prognostic value.

Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Characteristics Associated with Maternal Dietary Patterns in Mexico.

There is scarce evidence on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics that may explain adherence to different dietary patterns (DPs) during pregnancy. Our aims were to identify dietary patterns in a sample of pregnant Mexican women and to describe their association with selected sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of 252 mothers of children that participated as controls in a hospital-based case-control study of childhood leukemia.

is a frequent biomarker of adverse prognosis in Mexican pediatric patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: Recurrent genetic alterations contributing to leukemogenesis have been identified in pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), and some are useful for refining classification, prognosis, and treatment selection. is a complex biomarker associated with a poor prognosis. It is characterized by deletion coexisting with , , or PAR1 region deletions.

Implementation of a roadmap for the comprehensive diagnosis, follow-up, and research of childhood leukemias in vulnerable regions of Mexico: results from the PRONAII Strategy.

The main objective of the National Project for Research and Incidence of Childhood Leukemias is to reduce early mortality rates for these neoplasms in the vulnerable regions of Mexico. This project was conducted in the states of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Tlaxcala. A key strategy of the project is the implementation of an effective roadmap to ensure that leukemia patients are the target of maximum benefit of interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, surveyors, and laboratories.

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia.

Background: A heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City (GMC).

Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted.

Association between genetic variants of membrane transporters and the risk of high-grade hematologic adverse events in a cohort of Mexican children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: Advances in the understanding of the pathobiology of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) have led towards risk-oriented treatment regimens and markedly improved survival rates. However, treatment-related toxicities remain a major cause of mortality in developing countries. One of the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy in B-ALL is the hematologic toxicity, which may be related to genetic variants in membrane transporters that are critical for drug absorption, distribution, and elimination.

Subclassification of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia according to age, immunophenotype and microenvironment, predicts MRD risk in Mexican children from vulnerable regions.

Introduction: The decisive key to disease-free survival in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, is the combination of diagnostic timeliness and treatment efficacy, guided by accurate patient risk stratification. Implementation of standardized and high-precision diagnostic/prognostic systems is particularly important in the most marginalized geographic areas in Mexico, where high numbers of the pediatric population resides and the highest relapse and early death rates due to acute leukemias are recorded even in those cases diagnosed as standard risk.

Methods: By using a multidimensional and integrated analysis of the immunophenotype of leukemic cells, the immunological context and the tumor microenvironment, this study aim to capture the snapshot of acute leukemia at disease debut of a cohort of Mexican children from vulnerable regions in Puebla, Oaxaca and Tlaxcala and its potential use in risk stratification.

Relationship between air quality and asthma-related emergency hospital admissions in Mexico City 2017-2019.

Background: Previous studies found exposure to air pollution leads to exacerbations of asthma in paediatric and adult patients and increases asthma-related emergency hospital admissions (AREHA).

Methods: AREHAs and levels of air pollutants (PM, PM and NO) were obtained from Mexico City for the period 2017-2019. A time-series approach was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and AREHA.

Semiquantitative analysis of cerebral [F]FDG-PET uptake in pediatric patients.

Background: Glycolytic metabolism in the brain of pediatric patients, imaged with [F]  fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is incompletely characterized.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to characterize [F]FDG-PET brain uptake in a large sample of pediatric patients with non-central nervous system diseases as an alternative to healthy subjects to evaluate changes at different pediatric ages.

Materials And Methods: Seven hundred ninety-five [F]FDG-PET examinations from children < 18 years of age without central nervous system diseases were included.

Priapism and chronic myeloid leukemia in an adolescent. Rare debut presentation. A case report.

Priapism is a painful and persistent erection, with or without sexual stimulation. A rare cause of such abnormality is chronic myeloid leukemia. Few cases of priapism as an initial manifestation of this type of leukemia have been reported in adolescent patients.

Infections and risk factors for infection-related mortality after pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Mexico: A single center retrospective study.

Objective: To identify the type of infections and risk factors for infection-related mortality (IRM) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients <16 years of age treated in 2010-2019 was conducted. Unadjusted hazard ratios (HR) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Cox regression.

[Electroencephalographic findings in preterm neonates].

Background: The electroencephalogram (EEG) in the newborn period is highly superior to the clinical exam in the detection and prognosis of brain dysfunctions, since it allows continuous functional documentation of the brain at the patient's bedside in a non-invasive way. However, there is still some disagreement about these findings.

Objective: To describe the electroencephalographic findings in newborns with a history of prematurity.

A protective maternal nutrient concomitant intake associated with acute leukemia might be modified by sex, in children under 2 years.

Introduction: Maternal dietary consumption during pregnancy has been inconclusively associated with acute leukemia (AL) in infants, probably because epidemiological evidence has emerged mainly from the analysis of one-by-one nutrient, which is not a real-life scenario. Our objective was to evaluate the association between AL in Mexican children under 2 years of age and their mothers' nutrients concomitant intake during pregnancy, as well as to explore whether there are differences between girls and boys.

Methods: We conducted a study of 110 cases of AL and 252 hospital-based controls in the Mexico City Metropolitan area from 2010 to 2019.

Not All Populations of Hispanic Children Have an Increased Frequency of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

The frequency of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been reported with a higher incidence among the populations of Hispanic children. However, in the article by Montes-Rodríguez and colleagues, they found that in the Puerto Rican population, the frequency was below the incidence reported for the U.S.

Characteristics and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study in Mexico.

Introduction: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (MIS-C), a novel hyperinflammatory condition secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is associated with severe outcomes such as coronary artery aneurysm and death.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study including eight centers in Mexico, aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with MIS-C. Patient data were evaluated using latent class analysis (LCA) to categorize patients into three phenotypes: toxic shock syndrome-like (TSSL)-MIS-C, Kawasaki disease-like (KDL)-MIS-C, and nonspecific MIS-C (NS-MIS-C).

[Surgical management of duodenal atresia due to annular pancreas and intestinal atresia IIIb].

Background: The presence of duodenal atresia related to type IIIb intestinal atresia is a rare association, with few cases reported in the literature, representing a surgical challenge considering that even isolated cases of type IIIb intestinal atresia are a challenge. The objective was to report the successful surgical management of a case of a complex intestinal malformation, characterized by duodenal occlusion secondary to annular pancreas and type IIIb intestinal atresia, with intestinal malrotation by definition and the presence of Meckel's diverticulum.

Clinical Case: We present the case report of a newborn sent to the second level of care with a diagnosis of duodenal obstruction not diagnosed prenatally, which resulted in duodenal atresia due to annular pancreas and type IIIb intestinal atresia according to the Grosfeld classification.

Analytical study of , , , , and in Mexican children with acute myeloid leukemia: A multicenter study of the Mexican interinstitutional group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia (MIGICCL).

Background: The distribution of , , , , and in the pediatric population with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in many countries of Latin America is largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the frequency of these fusion genes in children with AML from Mexico City, which has one of the highest incidence rates of acute leukemia in the world. Additionally, we explored their impact in mortality during the first year of treatment.

NK cells with decreased expression of multiple activating receptors is a dominant phenotype in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

NK cells have unique attributes to react towards cells undergoing malignant transformation or viral infection. This reactivity is regulated by activating or inhibitory germline encoded receptors. An impaired NK cell function may result from an aberrant expression of such receptors, a condition often seen in patients with hematological cancers.

Persistently high incidence rates of childhood acute leukemias from 2010 to 2017 in Mexico City: A population study from the MIGICCL.

Introduction: Over the years, the Hispanic population living in the United States has consistently shown high incidence rates of childhood acute leukemias (AL). Similarly, high AL incidence was previously observed in Mexico City (MC). Here, we estimated the AL incidence rates among children under 15 years of age in MC during the period 2010-2017.