Adaptation in human immune cells residing in tissues at the frontline of infections.

Human immune cells are under constant evolutionary pressure, primarily through their role as first line of defence against pathogens. Most studies on immune adaptation are, however, based on protein-coding genes without considering their cellular context. Here, using data from the Human Cell Atlas, we infer the gene adaptation rate of the human immune landscape at cellular resolution.

Albumin reprograms the B cell transcriptional landscape and improves neutrophil antimicrobial function in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: Patients with acutely decompensated (AD) cirrhosis are immunocompromised and particularly susceptible to infections. This study investigated the immunomodulatory actions of albumin by which this protein may lower the incidence of infections.

Methods: Blood immunophenotyping was performed in 11 patients with AD cirrhosis and 10 healthy volunteers (HV).

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factor in juvenile dermatomyositis: data of the Spanish registry.

Background: Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common chronic idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in children. The diagnosis is clinical. Baseline laboratory and complementary studies trace the phenotype of these patients.

Tumor heterogeneity and tumor-microglia interactions in primary and recurrent IDH1-mutant gliomas.

The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene is recurrently mutated in adult diffuse gliomas. IDH-mutant gliomas are categorized into oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas, each with unique pathological features. Here, we use single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing to compare the molecular heterogeneity of these glioma subtypes.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the young adult. Methodology, objectives, and initial data from the JUVENSER registry.

Objectives: To describe the methodology, objectives, and initial data of the registry of young adult patients diagnosed with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), JUVENSER. The main objective of the project is to know the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and disease activity of patients with JIA reaching the transition to adulthood.

Material And Method: Longitudinal, prospective, multicentre study, including patients between 16 and 25 years old, with a diagnosis of JIA in any of its categories.

A multistrain probiotic increases the serum glutamine/glutamate ratio in patients with cirrhosis: a metabolomic analysis.

To explore the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of a probiotic in cirrhotic patients, we analyzed the blood metabolome using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy in 32 patients with cirrhosis and cognitive dysfunction or falls. Patients were randomized to receive a multistrain probiotic or placebo for 12 weeks. Among the 54 metabolites identified, the only significant changes in the probiotic group were an increase in glutamine, a decrease in glutamate, and an increase in the glutamine/glutamate ratio.

Clinical characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes in a regional cohort of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases.

Background: This study aimed to assess the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and identify the risk factors associated with symptomatic or severe disease defined as hospital admission, intensive care admission or death.

Methods: An observational longitudinal study was conducted during the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (March 2020-March 2021). All pediatric patients attended at the rheumatology outpatient clinics of six tertiary referral hospitals in Madrid, Spain, with a diagnosis of RMD and COVID-19 were included.

Phase angle by electrical bioimpedance is a predictive factor of hospitalisation, falls and mortality in patients with cirrhosis.

The phase angle is a versatile measurement to assess body composition, frailty and prognosis in patients with chronic diseases. In cirrhosis, patients often present alterations in body composition that are related to adverse outcomes. The phase angle could be useful to evaluate prognosis in these patients, but data are scarce.

Immunological and genetic kinetics from diagnosis to clinical progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Background: Mechanisms driving the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from its early stages are not fully understood. The acquisition of molecular changes at the time of progression has been observed in a small fraction of patients, suggesting that CLL progression is not mainly driven by dynamic clonal evolution. In order to shed light on mechanisms that lead to CLL progression, we investigated longitudinal changes in both the genetic and immunological scenarios.

Reliability of iCare ic100 Rebound Tonometry and Agreement With Goldmann Applanation Tonometry in Healthy and Post-myopic LASIK Patients.

Precis: Rebound tonometry offers excellent reliability for obtaining intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in healthy and post-myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients regardless of corneal parameters and axial length and regardless of the instillation of ocular topical anesthesia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of rebound tonometry, its agreement with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and its concordance after topical anesthesia in a group of nonoperated healthy patients and a group of post-myopic LASIK patients.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-four patients were included in this prospective observational, case-control study.

Use of checkpoint inhibitors in patients with lymphoid malignancies receiving allogeneic cell transplantation: a review.

Monoclonal antibodies against checkpoint receptors or its ligands have demonstrated high response rates and durable remissions in patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and other lymphoid malignancies. However, most patients will eventually progress on therapy and may benefit from further treatments including allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Furthermore, the use of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) has emerged as a treatment option for patients relapsing after allo-HCT.

Clinical impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with fibromyalgia: a cohort study.

Objectives: To our knowledge, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fibromyalgia (FM) patients has not been studied before. FM patients often experience clinical impairment with stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether severity of FM increases because of confinement by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bacteriophages immunomodulate the response of monocytes.

Bacteriophages are present in fluids from cirrhosis patients. However, their effect on the immune response is unknown. In this work, we explore the role of phages in the phenotype, function, and cytokine production of monocytes.

Adherence to subcutaneous biological therapies in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.

To assess adherence to subcutaneous biologicals in adults with inflammatory rheumatic diseases or inflammatory bowel disease and evaluate factors possibly associated with adherence. Systematic searches were conducted of main databases from January 2000 to June 2019. 41 articles (32 full papers and nine abstracts) were included in the review.

Frailty in outpatients with cirrhosis: A prospective observational study.

Background And Aim: Frailty is increasingly recognized as a major prognostic factor in cirrhosis in addition to conventional liver insufficiency scores. The aim was to compare the prevalence and characteristics of frailty between patients with cirrhosis and controls, and to analyse its prognostic value.

Methods: We included outpatients with cirrhosis and age- and gender-matched non-cirrhotic controls.

Experimental supporting data on the influence of platelet-derived factors of malignant pleural effusions on T cell effector functions and their relevance in predicting prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients with pleural metastasis.

The data described in this article are supplementary to our primary article "Platelet factor 4 regulates T cell effector functions in malignant pleural effusions". Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication of advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) associated with a poor life expectancy [1]. Several challenges need to be addressed to identify non-invasive molecular biomarkers that help to predict the prognosis of LAC patients with MPE [2].

Platelet factor 4 regulates T cell effector functions in malignant pleural effusions.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is defined as the presence of tumor cells in pleural fluid and it is a fatal complication of advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). To understand the immune response to the tumor in MPE, we compared the concentration of immunomodulatory factors in MPE of LAC and pleural effusion of heart failure (HF) patients by ELISA, and the proliferation and cytotoxic phenotype of T cells stimulated in the presence of LAC and HF pleural fluids by cytometry. Platelet factor 4 (PF4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and P-selectin levels were higher in LAC than in HF pleural fluids.

Repolarization of tumor infiltrating macrophages and increased survival in mouse primary CNS lymphomas after XPO1 and BTK inhibition.

Background: Patients diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) often face dismal outcomes due to the limited availability of therapeutic options. PCNSL cells frequently have deregulated B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, but clinical responses to its inhibition using ibrutinib have been brief. In this regard, blocking nuclear export by using selinexor, which covalently binds to XPO1, can also inhibit BCR signaling.

Tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis: differences between the GiACTA trial and a multicentre series of patients from the clinical practice.

Objectives: A potential point of concern among clinicians is whether results derived from the clinical trials can be reasonably applied or generalised to a definable group of patients seen in real world. It can be the case of the GiACTA study that is a phase III randomised controlled trial of tocilizumab (TCZ) in giant cell arteritis (GCA). To address this question, we compared the clinical features and the responses to TCZ from the GiACTA trial patients with those from a series of GCA seen in the daily clinical practice.

Posttransplant cyclophosphamide after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation mitigates the immune activation induced by previous nivolumab therapy.

Patients receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) after the use of PD-1 inhibitors seem to be at a higher risk of developing acute graft-versus-host disease (aGHVD) through etiopathogenetic mechanisms not fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of nivolumab administered prior to allo-HCT on the following early T-cell reconstitution and its modulation by the GVHD prophylaxis (tacrolimus/sirolimus vs. posttransplant cyclophosphamide [PTCY]).

Cell free circulating tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid detects and monitors central nervous system involvement of B-cell lymphomas.

The levels of cell free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma correlated with treatment response and outcome in systemic lymphomas. Notably, in brain tumors, the levels of ctDNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are higher than in plasma. Nevertheless, their role in central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas remains elusive.