Hyperkalemia in heart failure patients in Spain and its impact on guidelines and recommendations: ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry.

Introduction And Objectives: Hyperkalemia is a growing concern in the treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction because it limits the use of effective drugs. We report estimates of the magnitude of this problem in routine clinical practice in Spain, as well as changes in potassium levels during follow-up and associated factors.

Methods: This study included patients with acute (n=881) or chronic (n=3587) heart failure recruited in 28 Spanish hospitals of the European heart failure registry of the European Society of Cardiology and followed up for 1 year.

Type III Kounis syndrome after administration of an echocardiography contrast agent.

A dobutamine stress echocardiogram was performed in a 72-year-old woman to assess an intermediate lesion in the left anterior descending artery. After administration of the echocardiography contrast agent, she presented with an anaphylactic reaction and in that context a subacute thrombosis of a drug-eluting stent implanted 15 days before. This is a case of the so-called type III Kounis syndrome.

[Transient ventricular dysfunction after emotional stress].

We describe a patient who developed severe ventricular dysfunction and cardiogenic shock after intense emotional stress. Her subsequent course was favorable, with complete recovery of left ventricular systolic function. The coronary arteries were normal and no specific etiologic agent was demonstrated.

Re-innervation after heart transplantation: a multidisciplinary study.

Background: Several authors have demonstrated the existence and implications of re-innervation in the transplanted heart. Our aim was to study this phenomenon using 3 different techniques and to analyze the correlation among them.

Methods: The study population consisted of 55 patients who had undergone heart transplantation 0.