Mapping the distribution and condition of mountain peatlands in Colombia for sustainable ecosystem management.

High mountain peatlands in Colombia play a crucial role in water regulation, store significant carbon, and yet remain poorly studied and threatened. The lack of a comprehensive national peatland map hinders effective management. Our objectives were to create a national mountain peatland map for Colombia, assess peatland distribution, quantify degraded pasture peatlands, and evaluate soil carbon percentages and bulk density in the top 40 cm of mountain peatlands soils.

"I think we feel a lot of their devastation": social workers' perspectives on primary and secondary psychological trauma in pediatric emergency rooms.

This qualitative study used in-depth interviews with 23 pediatric emergency room social workers to explore the interplay of the primary trauma experienced by children and families and the secondary trauma experienced by social workers. The analysis used a grounded theory approach and developed a conceptual model of the cycle of primary and secondary trauma, whereby child and family trauma can lead to social workers' secondary trauma, which can further lead to impacts on client care that may exacerbate the primary trauma. To interrupt this cycle, trauma-informed hospitals should address both primary and secondary trauma in pediatric emergency rooms.

Wood Anatomical and Demographic Similarities Between Self-Standing Liana and Tree Seedlings in Tropical Dry Forests of Colombia.

Canopy lianas differ considerably from trees in terms of wood anatomical structure, and they are suggested to have a demographic advantage-faster growth and higher survival-than trees. However, it remains unclear whether these anatomical and demographic differences persist at the seedling stage, when most liana species are self-standing and, consequently, might be ecologically similar to trees. We assessed how self-standing liana and tree seedlings differ in relation to wood anatomy, growth, and survival.

Linking seedling wood anatomical trade-offs with drought and seedling growth and survival in tropical dry forests.

Wood anatomy plays a key role in plants' ability to persist under drought and should therefore predict demography. Plants balance their resource allocation among wood cell types responsible for different functions. However, it remains unclear how these anatomical trade-offs vary with water availability, and the extent to which they influence demographic rates.

Usefulness of low-cost simulation models to learning surgical techniques for placenta accreta spectrum: An observational educational study.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of low-cost simulation models to teach surgical techniques for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), included in a multimodal education workshop for PAS.

Methods: This was an observational, survey-based study. Participants were surveyed before and after the use of low-fidelity mannequins to simulate two surgical techniques for PAS (one-step conservative surgery [OSCS] and modified subtotal hysterectomy [MSTH]), within a multimodal educational workshop.

Can resilience change over time? Patterns and transitions in resilience among young children involved with the child welfare system.

This study examined transitions in resilience profiles and the role of caregiver risk and protective factors in resilience transition probabilities over 18 months among children involved with the child welfare system, using latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis. The sample included 486 children (48% female, baseline M  = 3.49).

A Qualitative Study of Risk and Protective Factors for Resilience in Survivors of Sex Trafficking.

This study explored risk and protective factors for resilience in survivors of sex trafficking from the survivors' perspectives. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 participants recruited from survivor-led advocacy agencies and social service agencies that provide trafficking-specific services. Two overarching themes emerged from data analysis: (a) deep connections to self and others facilitate resilience and (b) detrimental "help" threatens survivors' resilience.

The High-Elevation Peatlands of the Northern Andes, Colombia.

Andean peatlands are important carbon reservoirs for countries in the northern Andes and have a unique diversity. Peatland plant diversity is generally related to hydrology and water chemistry, and the response of the vegetation in tropical high-elevation peatlands to changes in elevation, climate, and disturbance is poorly understood. Here, we address the questions of what the main vegetation types of peat-forming vegetation in the northern Andes are, and how the different vegetation types are related to water chemistry and pH.

How to perform the one-step conservative surgery for placenta accreta spectrum move by move.

Background: There are 3 treatment options for placenta accreta spectrum: cesarean delivery with hysterectomy, expectant management, and uterine-sparing surgical techniques. One-step conservative surgery is the most extensively described conservative surgical technique, and it has extensive evidence supporting its usefulness; however, few groups apply it, most likely because of the misconception that it is a complex procedure that requires extensive training and is applicable to only a few patients.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing one-step conservative surgery in 4 placenta accreta spectrum reference hospitals and provided detailed steps for successfully applying this type of surgery.

The Long-Term Effects of Early Childhood Resilience Profiles on School Outcomes among Children in the Child Welfare System.

This study aimed to examine the association between early childhood resilience profiles and later school outcomes (academic achievement and school involvement) among children in the U.S. child welfare system.

Assessing Different Types of HIV Communication and Sociocultural Factors on Perceived HIV Stigma and Testing among a National Sample of Youth and Young Adults.

In the United States, racial/ethnic and sexual youth and young adults (YYA) of color are disproportionately affected by HIV. Subsequently, YYA experience HIV stigma and engage in increased risk behaviors and reduced HIV testing. HIV communication has been identified as a potential buffer to HIV stigma, resulting in health-seeking behaviors, such as HIV testing.

Belowground impacts of alpine woody encroachment are determined by plant traits, local climate, and soil conditions.

Global climate and land use change are causing woody plant encroachment in arctic, alpine, and arid/semi-arid ecosystems around the world, yet our understanding of the belowground impacts of this phenomenon is limited. We conducted a globally distributed field study of 13 alpine sites across four continents undergoing woody plant encroachment and sampled soils from both woody encroached and nearby herbaceous plant community types. We found that woody plant encroachment influenced soil microbial richness and community composition across sites based on multiple factors including woody plant traits, site level climate, and abiotic soil conditions.

Human-centered design of a personal health record system for metabolic syndrome management based on the ISO 9241-210:2010 standard.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of information and communication technologies to support healthy lifestyle interventions. In particular, personal health record systems (PHR-Ss) empower self-care, essential to support lifestyle changes. Approaches such as the user-centered design (UCD), which is already a standard within the software industry (ISO 9241-210:2010), provide specifications and guidelines to guarantee user acceptance and quality of eHealth systems.

Systematic and progressive implementation of the centers of excellence for rheumatoid arthritis: a methodological proposal.

The implementation of excellence centers in specific diseases has been gaining recognition in the field of health; specifically in rheumatoid arthritis, where the prognosis of the disease is related to an early diagnosis and a timely intervention, it is necessary that the provision of health services is developed in an environment of quality, opportunity, and safety with the highest standards of care. A methodology that allows this implementation in such a way that is achievable by the most of the care centers is a priority to achieve a better attention to populations with this disease. In this paper, we propose a systematic and progressive methodology that will help all the institutions to develop successful models without faltering in the process.

Bacteriology of community-acquired invasive disease found in a multicountry prospective, population-based, epidemiological surveillance for Pneumococcus in children in Latin America.

Several bacteria cause community-acquired invasive bacterial disease in children; many are vaccine preventable. Knowledge of pathogens causing community-acquired invasive bacterial disease is important when selecting antimicrobial therapy and implementing vaccine prevention strategies. We describe bacteriology of community-acquired invasive disease observed among 31,641 blood and sterile fluid cultures from children aged 28 days to 36 months in 3 Latin American countries over 2 years.

Population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in infants and young children in Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: In children <5 years of age, Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is, globally, the leading cause of vaccine-preventable death. Surveillance conducted in Bogotá, Colombia estimated incidence rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), clinical and chest radiograph-confirmed pneumonia (CXR+Pn); SP serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Methods: This prospective population-based surveillance was conducted from 2006 to 2008 in children 28 days to <36 months of age seeking care at SaludCoop centers.

A low-power, LED-based, high-brightness anomaloscope.

Color matches made with a Nagel anomaloscope are used in the differentiation of color vision deficiencies. When these color matches are made over a wide range of retinal illuminances, the changes in the color match provide information about the regeneration kinetics and the absorption spectra of the middle- and long-wavelength cone photopigments. These steady-state color matches vary with a variety of conditions, and may have value in screening for eye disease.

Optical characterization of ultrabright LEDs.

Ultrabright light emitting diodes (LEDs) are a new light source for visual psychophysics and microscopy. The new LEDs are intended primarily for room and exterior illumination, and the manufacturers' specifications are adequate for that. However, we use them as light sources in situations where a more complete characterization may be useful.

Multispectral digital colposcopy for in vivo detection of cervical cancer.

We present a multispectral digital colposcope (MDC) to measure multispectral autofluorescence and reflectance images of the cervix by using an inexpensive color CCD camera. The diagnostic ability of the MDC was evaluated by application of MDC spectral response to fluorescence and reflectance spectra measured from a large clinical trial. High diagnostic performance was achieved by use of only two excitation wavelengths: 330 and 440 nm.