Molecular Epidemiology of Underreported Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis in Europe.

Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen circulated through swine, can cause severe infections in humans. Because human S. suis infections are not notifiable in most countries, incidence is underestimated.

Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes from Animal Clinical Specimens, Spain.

Streptococcus pyogenes appears to be almost exclusively restricted to humans, with few reports on isolation from animals. We provide a detailed characterization (emm typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], and multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) of 15 S. pyogenes isolates from animals associated with different clinical backgrounds.

Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans in human cerebrospinal fluid: a case report in a patient with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Members of the genus Pseudonocardia have been widely reported and recovered from several ecosystems, such as soil samples and plant samples. Pseudonocardia bacteria colonize the microbial communities on the integument of fungus gardening ant species. We present the first documented case of Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans isolated in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Molecular characterization of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Multicenter study: Argentina 2011-2012.

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) has virulence factors similar to those of Streptococcus pyogenes. Therefore, it causes pharyngitis and severe infections indistinguishable from those caused by the classic pathogen.

First report of human infection by Christensenella minuta, a gram-negative, strickly anaerobic rod that inhabits the human intestine.

Christensenella minuta is a Gram-negative strictly anaerobic short rod that inhabits the human gut. This bacterium was isolated in a mixed infection with Desulfovibrio desulfuricansfrom the blood of a patient with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The strain was identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.

Lactational mastitis caused by Streptococcus lactarius.

Human infections caused by Streptococcus lactarius have not been previously reported. In the present report, we describe a lactational mastitis caused by this organism. The infection occurred in a 28-year-old breast-feeding female, with a 10-days history of moderate pain on the right breast.

Traumatic endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia kruczakiae in a patient with traumatic eye injury.

Background: We describe a case of traumatic ocular endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia kruczakiae after vegetable trauma in an immunocompetent child.

Findings: A 5-year-old boy suffered from a trauma with a palm tree leaflet. Two months later, he was diagnosed with traumatic infectious uveitis and intumescent cataract with anterior capsule rupture.

Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by Actinobaculum schaalii: report of two cases and literature review.

Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by Actinobaculum spp. are very rare. In the present study, we report two cases and review the literature.

Peritonitis caused by Bifidobacterium longum: case report and literature review.

Bifidobacterium spp. rarely causes human infections. We report a case of a 42-year-old man with a history of pancolonic diverticulosis, who suffered a purulent peritonitis caused by Bifidobacterium longum secondary to intestinal perforation.

Fournier's gangrene caused by Actinomyces funkei, Fusobacterium gonidiaformans and Clostridium hathewayi.

We report the first case of Fournier's gangrene caused by three unusual anaerobic organisms: Actinomyces funkei, Fusobacterium gonidiaformans and Clostridium hathewayi. The infection occurred in a 73-year-old man without typical risk factors for the development of Fournier's gangrene. Clinical outcome was good after prolonged antibiotic treatment and extensive debridement of the perineum.

Muscular abscess caused by Cupriavidus gilardii in a renal transplant recipient.

Cupriavidus gilardii is a rare cause of human infection. We report a muscular abscess on the right thigh caused by this organism in a renal transplant recipient, who had suffered a septic shock associated with an extensive cellulitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The patient was successfully treated with surgical drainage and intravenous ciprofloxacin for 13 days.

Acute acalculous cholecystitis complicated with peritonitis caused by Lactobacillus plantarum.

Lactobacillus spp. rarely causes human disease. We report a case of a 57-year-old man with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and vascular disease admitted to our hospital with severe abdominal pain and fever.

Burkholderia cepacia complex infection in an Adult Cystic Fibrosis unit in Madrid.

Introduction: Burkholderia cepacia complex have emerged as significant pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients due to the risk of cepacia syndrome and the innate multi-resistance of the microorganisms to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, the genotypes and subtypes of BCC, and the clinical evolution of CF patients with BCC.

Methods: The lung function and Brasfield and Shwachman score were assessed in 12 patients.

Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance mechanisms of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline in Spain (1994-2006).

Background: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes human diseases ranging in severity from uncomplicated pharyngitis to life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis and shows high rates of macrolide resistance in several countries. Our goal is to identify antimicrobial resistance in Spanish GAS isolates collected between 1994 and 2006 and to determine the molecular epidemiology (emm/T typing and PFGE) and resistance mechanisms of those resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline.

Results: Two hundred ninety-five out of 898 isolates (32.

[Bacterial identification methods in the microbiology laboratory].

In order to identify the agent responsible of the infectious process and understanding the pathogenic/pathological implications, clinical course, and to implement an effective antimicrobial therapy, a mainstay in the practice of clinical microbiology is the allocation of species to a microbial isolation. In daily routine practice microbiology laboratory phenotypic techniques are applied to achieve this goal. However, they have some limitations that are seen more clearly for some kinds of microorganism.