Effects of exercise on the cognition of older women treated with lovastatin.

Introduction: The deterioration of cognition is highly predominant in older adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a walking program on the cognition and blood concentration of lipids in women over 60 years of age who were being treated with lovastatin.

Materials And Methods: Participants were distributed in two groups: An exercise group (EG, n=45) with aerobic training and an inactive sedentary group (SG, n=22).

Detectable viral load aggravates immunosenescence features of CD8 T-cell subsets in vertically HIV-infected children.

Background: CD8 T cells are crucial in the immune responses against HIV infection, but HIV-infected adults suffer a naive CD8 T-cell depletion and accelerated senescence caused by chronic antigen stimulation. Although HIV-infected children preserve a better immune reconstitution capacity their CD8 responses are defective. We wanted to know, whether HIV vertical transmission produces a premature aging of the CD8 population due to antigen exposition to HIV from birth and persistent chronic activation.

Immunological recovery and metabolic disorders in severe immunodeficiency HIV type 1-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Little is known about immunologic reconstitution in children on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) during very long-term periods. A retrospective study was carried out to assess the effectiveness and development of metabolic disorders after very long-term periods on HAART in HIV-infected children with severe immunodeficiency. We included 55 children who were stratified into three groups according to %CD4(+) pre-HAART and rate of immunologic recovery: (1) S1-Rec: CD4(+) < or =5% at baseline and slow immunologic recovery; (2) S2-Rec: CD4(+) 5-15% at baseline and slow immunologic recovery; (3) R-Rec: CD4(+) < or =15% at baseline and rapid immunologic recovery (reference group).

Long-term response to highly active antiretroviral therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir in pre-treated vertically HIV-infected children.

Background: Immune recovery after prolonged highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with lopinavir/ritonavir has been reported in adults but not in children. Our study aimed at evaluating the long-term use of lopinavir/ritonavir among children in a clinical setting.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on 69 protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced vertically HIV-infected children on HAART containing lopinavir/ritonavir.

[Viral load in HIV-infected children on high activity antiretroviral therapy].

Background And Objective: To determine whether viral load (VL) prior to undetectable VL has predictive value on the re-emergence of VL (> 400 copies/ml, > 5,000 copies/ml and > 30,000 copies/ml).

Patients And Method: Retrospective study carried out on 81 vertically human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children on antiretroviral therapy who were distributed in 3 groups according to their median value of VL one year before reaching undetectable VL: A-group: VL < 5,000 copies/ml; B-group: VL between 5,000 and 30,000 copies/ml, and C-group: VL > 30,000 copies/ml.

Results: During the whole follow-up period, 63 (77.

Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy with nelfinavir in vertically HIV-1 infected children: 3 years of follow-up. Long-term response to nelfinavir in children.

Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) in children has special features and consequently, results obtained from clinical trials with antiretroviral drugs in adults may not be representative of children. Nelfinavir (NFV) is an HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor (PI) which has become as one of the first choices of PI for ART in children. We studied during a 3-year follow-up period the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy with nelfinavir in vertically HIV-1 infected children.

CD4(+) T-cell immunodeficiency is more dependent on immune activation than viral load in HIV-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between CD4(+) depletion and immune activation in HIV-1-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Design And Setting: We carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the profile of several immunologic parameters in 143 children on HAART for more than 24 weeks. Children were stratified according to current immunologic status (CD4 < or =15%, 15%-25%, and > or =25%) and viral load (VL) levels (<400 copies/mL; 400-10,000 copies/mL; and >10,000 copies/mL).

Low immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in naive vertically human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children with severe immunodeficiency.

We conducted a retrospective study to analyze the CD4 recovery of naive vertically human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with severe immunodeficiency who were followed up during at least 4 years of receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Children with baseline CD4 of <15% did not reach a mean CD4 of > or =25% after the 4th year on HAART. We conclude that starting HAART after severe immunosuppression of naive HIV-infected children may not be effective for recovery of normal %CD4.

Long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy in pretreated, vertically HIV type 1-infected children: 6 years of follow-up.

Background: Several studies of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection have demonstrated sustained increases in CD4+ cell count, even when virological failure has occurred after receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but these studies were of limited duration. Moreover, the CD4+ cell count threshold at which antiretroviral treatment should be initiated is still unsettled. The aim of this study was to define the long-term impact of HAART on CD4+ cell percentage and viral load according to CD4+ cell percentages before HAART was initiated.

The effects on infants of potent antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy: a report from Spain.

Background: The purpose of our study was to assess the effects on infants of protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) given to their HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy.

Material/methods: A multicenter observational study was carried out at 11 centers in Spain, involving 124 HIV-1-infected pregnant women under ART and their infants. The mothers were classified according to the ART protocols used during pregnancy into two groups: group A, 52 women with > or =2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) with or without NNRTI, for a mean time of 4.

Viral load and CD4+ T lymphocyte response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children: an observational study.

An observational study was performed involving 95 children with vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection to assess the sustainability of undetectable viral loads (VLs) and increased CD4+ T lymphocyte percentages after 48 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The median time to achieve a 10% increase in the CD4+ T lymphocyte percentage was 11.01 months.

Characterizing the immune system after long-term undetectable viral load in HIV-1-infected children.

Thirty two HIV-infected children, on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and > 500 CD4+ T cells/mm3, were rated according to the time-course of viral load (VL) during the whole follow-up period (> 18 months) in a longitudinal retrospective study. (a) uVL group: 15 children with VL below 400 copies/mL; (b) dVL group: 17 children with higher VL. The uVL group showed higher memory (CD4+CD45RO+) T cells than did dVL group, and higher number of memory activated CD4+CD45RO+HLA-DR+ than did control group (healthy age-matched uninfected children), whereas CD4+CD45RA(hi)+CD62L+ was similar.

CD8+ T-cell numbers predict the response to antiviral therapy in HIV-1-infected children.

Our objective was to study the probability of achieving undetectable viral load levels in HIV-1-infected children after 36 mo of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study in 41 HIV-1-infected children on HAART was undertaken. Viral load was quantified using standard molecular assay.

[Responses to antiretroviral treatments in vertically HIV-1-infected children].

Background And Objective: Our goal was to determine the probability of achieving a fall-off of viral load (VL) and an increase of CD4+T-lymphocytes by 36 months from the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a cohort of HIV-infected children according to their baseline data.

Patients And Method: This was retrospective multicenter observational study of virologic and immunologic markers in 128 HIV-1-vertically infected children on ART: 55 HIV-infected children on combination therapy (CT), and 73 HIV-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Viral load (VL) was quantified using a standard molecular assay.

[Immunologic recovery after 2-years on HAART in vertically HIV-infected children].

Background: Our purpose was to carry out an analysis of T cells subsets involved in the recovery of the immune system in vertically HIV-1-infected children, on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) over more than 24 months.

Patients And Method: Seventeen HIV-1-infected children were studied: a) Res-group (HIV-1-infected children who were HAART-responders): 10 children in category C3 at entry in the study who, after more than 24 months on HAART, recovered CD4+ T cells (> 25% and 500 CD4+ T-cells/ml) and may control viral replicación, and b) non-Res group (HIV-1-infected children who did not respond to HAART): 7 children in category C3 at entry in the study who, after more than 24 months on HAART, did not recover CD4+ T-cells (< 15% or 200 CD4+ T-cells/ml) and did not control viral replication. As control group, 12 HIV-1-uninfected children with similar ages were included in the study.

[Different immune profiles according to the immunological and clinical progression in vertically HIV-infected children].

Background: Our goal was to evaluate immunologic profile differences of HIV-infected children on antiretroviral treatment (ART). PATIENTS AND METHODDS: We studied 23 HIV-vertically infected children: a) N-A1 group: 10 HIV-infected children in A1 category; b) N-B2 group: 6 HIV-infected children in B2 category, and c) N-C3 group: 7 HIV-infected children in C3 category. We also studied 13 healthy age-matched HIV-negative children as controls.