Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis Associated with Severe Obesity before and after Bariatric Surgery.

Introduction: Severe obesity results in high cardiovascular risk (CVR), increasing morbidity, and mortality. New and improved methods are needed to detect cardiovascular diseases rapidly in severe obesity. microRNAs (miRNAs) has shown promise as diagnostic tools.

PKN1 Kinase: A Key Player in Adipocyte Differentiation and Glucose Metabolism.

Adipocyte dysfunction is the driver of obesity and correlates with insulin resistance and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Protein kinase N1 (PKN1) is a serine/threonine kinase that has been shown to contribute to Glut4 translocation to the membrane and glucose transport. Here, we evaluated the role of PKN1 in glucose metabolism under insulin-resistant conditions in primary visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from 31 patients with obesity and in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Irisin as a Novel Biomarker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Severe Obesity.

Severe obesity (SO) can accelerate atherosclerosis and the onset of acute cardiovascular events. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis in the context of a high body mass index (BMI) can be challenging, making the identification of biomarkers clinically relevant. We aimed to assess the usefulness of irisin as a biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis in participants with SO.

Effect of bariatric surgery on inflammation and endothelial dysfunction as processes underlying subclinical atherosclerosis in morbid obesity.

Background: Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are associated with morbid obesity (MO) and atherosclerosis.

Objective: To evaluate inflammation and endothelial function as the initial mechanisms underlying subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with MO, with and without atheromas, and their evolution after bariatric surgery (BS).

Setting: Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital and University of Barcelona.

Impact of bariatric surgery on subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with morbid obesity.

Background: The main cause of death in obese individuals is cardiovascular disease precipitated by atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are considered early events in the development of the disease.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with morbid obesity by comparing clinical, vascular, and biochemical parameters indicative of endothelial dysfunction in patients with and without atheromatous plaque and monitoring changes after bariatric surgery.

Effect of bariatric surgery in the evolution of oxidative stress depending on the presence of atheroma in patients with morbid obesity.

Background: Morbid obesity is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, a chronic vascular disease related to oxidative stress (OS) and endothelial dysfunction.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (BS) on oxidative stress as a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with and without atheromatous plaques.

Setting: Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital and University of Barcelona.

Bariatric surgery decreases oxidative stress and protein glycosylation in patients with morbid obesity.

Background: There is growing evidence that oxidative stress (OS) is a critical factor linking obesity with its associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases.

Aim: To evaluate the degree of OS in people with morbid obesity and its relationship with glycoproteins, determined using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, before and after bariatric surgery (BS).

Methods: In this observational cohort study, plasma from 24 patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m (age: 21-65 years) was used to measure metabolites implicated in OS.

Diet change affects intestinal microbiota restoration and improves vertical sleeve gastrectomy outcome in diet-induced obese rats.

Purpose: Obesity, a worldwide health problem, is linked to an abnormal gut microbiota and is currently most effectively treated by bariatric surgery. Our aim was to characterize the microbiota of high-fat fed Sprague-Dawley rats when subjected to bariatric surgery (i.e.

Adipose Tissue Protein Glycoxidation is Associated with Weight-Loss Potential.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the differences in protein oxidation biomarkers in adipose tissue (AT) as an indicator of AT metabolism and bariatric surgery weight-loss success.

Methods: A human model, in which sixty-five individuals with obesity underwent bariatric surgery, and a diet-induced obesity animal model, in which animals were treated for 2 months with normocaloric diets, were analyzed to determine the associations between AT protein oxidation and body weight loss. Protein oxidative biomarkers were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in AT from human volunteers before the surgery, as well as 2 months after a diet treatment in the animal model.

Magnetic detection of sentinel lymph node in papillary thyroid carcinoma: The MAGIC-PAT study results.

Introduction: Despite the controversy concerning sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), successful detection rates can be achieved by radioguidance and vital dyeing. However, the drawbacks in both techniques are notable. Magnetic-guided SLNB (mSLNB) using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles is appealing as an alternative procedure.

Influence of Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Impact on the Carotid Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Signal.

Introduction/purpose: Adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) expansion to the avascular intima precedes an increase in carotid intima-media thickness. However, factors involved in the development of the atherosclerotic process and its reversibility remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the VV signal in both morbid obesity and after bariatric surgery (BS).

Advanced glycation end-products in morbid obesity and after bariatric surgery: When glycemic memory starts to fail.

Background And Objective: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a marker of metabolic memory. Their levels increases when oxidative stress, inflammation, or chronic hyperglycemia exists. The role of morbid obesity in AGE levels, and the impact of bariatric surgery on them are unknown.

Diet Change After Sleeve Gastrectomy Is More Effective for Weight Loss Than Surgery Only.

Background: Bariatric surgery with or without diet change has become one of the most effective treatments for obesity. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and diet change in Sprague-Dawley rats on both body and tissue weights.

Methods: Eighteen rats were fed with a standard chow diet (SCD) (C group), and 36 rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) (diet-induced obesity (DIO) group).

Diabetic and dyslipidaemic morbidly obese exhibit more liver alterations compared with healthy morbidly obese.

Background & Aims: To study the origin of fat excess in the livers of morbidly obese (MO) individuals, we analysed lipids and lipases in both plasma and liver and genes involved in lipid transport, or related with, in that organ.

Methods: Thirty-two MO patients were grouped according to the absence (healthy: DM - DL -) or presence of comorbidities (dyslipidemic: DM - DL +; or dyslipidemic with type 2 diabetes: DM + DL +) before and one year after gastric bypass.

Results: The livers of healthy, DL and DM patients contained more lipids (9.

Hepatic and visceral adipose tissue 11βHSD1 expressions are markers of body weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Objective: Cortisolemia and 11βHSD1 in liver and adipose tissue are altered in obesity. However, their participation in the development of obesity remains unclear. This study analyzed these parameters in the transition from morbid to type 1 obesity after bariatric surgery.

Morbidly "Healthy" Obese Are Not Metabolically Healthy but Less Metabolically Imbalanced Than Those with Type 2 Diabetes or Dyslipidemia.

Background: We have investigated the differences between metabolically "healthy" morbidly obese patients and those with comorbidities.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two morbidly obese patients were divided by the absence ("healthy": DM-DL-) or presence of comorbidities (dyslipidemic: DM-DL+, or dyslipidemic and with type 2 diabetes: DM+DL+). We have studied various plasma parameters and gene expression adipose tissue, before and after gastric bypass.

Decreased lipases and fatty acid and glycerol transporter could explain reduced fat in diabetic morbidly obese.

Objective: The possible differences were investigated in 32 morbidly obese patients depending on whether they were "healthy" or had dyslipidemia and/or type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Lipid metabolism and insulin resistance were analyzed in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) before and during 6 and 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Results: Significant differences have been found in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activities in SAT from the different obese group versus normal weight (control) but not between them.

Haematological parameters and serum trace elements in "healthy" and "unhealthy" morbidly obese patients before and after gastric bypass.

Background & Aims: We have investigated the differences in plasma parameters and serum trace elements between "healthy" and unhealthy morbidly obese patients before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Methods: A group of 32 morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery were divided into three groups. Group 1 subjects were free of dyslipidemia and type II diabetes mellitus (defined as "healthy" obese, DM-DL-); Group 2 subjects had only the presence of dyslipidemia (DM-DL+), while group 3 patients demonstrated the presence of both (DM + DL+).

Bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients improves the atherogenic qualitative properties of the plasma lipoproteins.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss induced in morbidly obese subjects by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass bariatric surgery on the atherogenic features of their plasma lipoproteins.

Methods: Twenty-one morbidly obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery were followed up for up to 1 year after surgery. Plasma and lipoproteins were assayed for chemical composition and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity.

Best approach for posterior mediastinal goiter removal: transcervical incision and lateral thoracotomy.

Surgical removal of intrathoracic goiter can be performed by a cervical approach in the majority of patients. Review of literature shows that experienced surgeons need to perform an extracervical approach in 2-3% of cases. In spite of surgical management of substernal goiter is well defined, there is little available information about surgical approach of intrathoracic goiters extending beyond the aortic arch into the posterior mediastinum.

Diabetes is the main factor accounting for hypomagnesemia in obese subjects.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity are associated with magnesium deficiency. We aimed to determine whether the presence of type 2 diabetes and the degree of metabolic control are related to low serum magnesium levels in obese individuals.

Methods: A) Case-control study: 200 obese subjects [50 with T2DM (cases) and 150 without diabetes (controls)] prospectively recruited.

Only C-reactive protein, but not TNF-α or IL6, reflects the improvement in inflammation after bariatric surgery.

Background: Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels strongly predict inflammatory diseases such as obesity and tissue damage. We wanted to study the CRP in plasma and tissue in morbidly obese patients before and after surgery and relate it with the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in tissues.

Methods: We analyzed CRP concentration in plasma, adipose and liver, and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, in those tissues, in 34 morbidly obese patients before and 1, 6 and 12 months after gastric bypass.

The relationships between IGF-1 and CRP, NO, leptin, and adiponectin during weight loss in the morbidly obese.

Background: The relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO), leptin, adiponectin, and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is poorly defined in morbidly obese patients before and after gastric bypass and, in some cases, is controversial.

Methods: We examined the plasma of 34 morbidly obese patients before and 1, 6, and 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Results: Obese people had more CRP (21.