Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight-gain predict maternal hemoglobin levels and are jointly associated with neonatal outcomes in a Mexican birth cohort.

Introduction: there is scarce evidence of the effects of obesity and gestational weight- gain (GWG) on hemoglobin (Hb) levels in pregnancy. Little is known about the implications in offspring when pregnant mothers present with both at delivery. Aim: to identify if pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GWG are associated with Hb levels at pregnancy third trimester; and identify if the BMI status plus anemia at delivery could influence offspring anthropometry.

The overlooked paradox of the coexistence of overweight/obesity and anemia during pregnancy.

Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, including among pregnant women, has substantially increased in the past three decades. This has been fueled by, among other factors, an increase in the consumption of high energy-dense foods and a decrease in physical activity. Additionally, global prevalence of anemia among pregnant women remains a public health concern.

Parental Feeding Styles and Their Association With Complementary Feeding Practices and Growth in Mexican Children.

Complementary feeding practices and corresponding parental feeding styles influence nutritional status in later stages of childhood. Findings on the association of these variables with infant growth remain inconsistent; in Mexico, a research gap exists in this area. (1) To characterize parental feeding styles and complementary feeding practices, and (2) to evaluate the association of parental feeding styles with complementary feeding practices and infant growth at 6 and 9 months of age.

[Not Available].

Objetivos. Actualizar la prevalencia de desnutrición y sus tendencias en los últimos 30 años e identificar factores asociados con la baja talla en una muestra representativa nacional de niños <5 años en México. Material y méto-dos.

Dietary patterns and diet quality during pregnancy and low birthweight: The PRINCESA cohort.

Although the isolated effects of several specific nutrients have been examined, little is known about the relationship between overall maternal diet during pregnancy and fetal development and growth. This study evaluates the association between maternal diet and low birthweight (LBW) in 660 pregnant women from the Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition,& City Environment: Systematic Analyses (PRINCESA) cohort in Mexico City. Using prior day dietary intake reported at multiple prenatal visits, diet was assessed prospectively using a priori (Maternal Diet Quality Score [MDQS]) and a posteriori (dietary patterns extracted by factor analysis) approaches.

Gestational weight gain trajectories over pregnancy and their association with maternal diet quality: Results from the PRINCESA cohort.

Objective: The aims of this study were to characterize, among pregnant Mexican women, gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectories; assess associations of maternal dietary quality score (MDQS) with GWG during early-mid pregnancy, middle pregnancy, late pregnancy, and prolonged pregnancy; and evaluate the association between MDQS and adequacy of GWG, throughout pregnancy. We hypothesized that higher MDQS adherence is protective against insufficient or excessive GWG across pregnancy and that the association between MDQS adherence and GWG would vary by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) category.

Methods: We analyzed data from 660 pregnant women participating in the PRINCESA (Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition and City Environments: Systematic Analyses) cohort in Mexico City, 2009 to 2014.

Desarrollo de la capacidad para la regulación en salud en México.

La Academia Nacional de Medicina es un espacio esencial para discutir la ciencia de la regulación en salud y posicionar su impacto en la salud y la economía. Enmarcada dentro de la función rectora de la autoridad sanitaria, la regulación en salud es la acción de proteger a la población de los peligros sanitarios involuntarios contra los cuales el individuo no puede protegerse; es una función esencial de la salud pública, componente institucional del sistema de salud y, por ende, vinculada a sus reformas y a la cobertura universal. La regulación tiene sustento en un cuerpo teórico epidemiológico, organizacional, legal, sociológico y económico.

[Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, 2016 Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey update].

Objective: To estimate recent overweight and obesity prevalences in Mexican population under 20 years from Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut MC 2016).

Materials And Methods: Ensanut MC 2016 is a probabilistic national survey which gives representative information from national, regional and rural/urban levels. BMIz was estimated through weight and height, then it was classified into overweight risk or overweight or obesity ac¬cording to WHO growth reference standards.

[Methodological design of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016].

Objective:: Describe the design methodology of the halfway health and nutrition national survey (Ensanut-MC) 2016.

Materials And Methods: The Ensanut-MC is a national probabilistic survey whose objective population are the inhabitants of private households in Mexico. The sample size was determined to make inferences on the urban and rural areas in four regions.

Changes in Prices After an Excise Tax to Sweetened Sugar Beverages Was Implemented in Mexico: Evidence from Urban Areas.

In 2014 an excise tax to non-alcoholic sweetened beverages (SSB) was implemented in Mexico. The objective of this paper is to study whether and to what degree these taxes passed-through onto SSB prices in urban areas overall and by region, type of beverage and package size. Prices were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography from 2011 to 2014.

[National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012: design and coverage].

Objective: To describe the design and population coverage of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (NHNS 2012).

Materials And Methods: The design of the NHNS 2012 is reported, as a probabilistic population based survey with a multi-stage and stratified sampling, as well as the sample inferential properties, the logistical procedures, and the obtained coverage.

Results: Household response rate for the NHNS 2012 was 87%, completing data from 50,528 households, where 96 031 individual interviews selected by age and 14,104 of ambulatory health services users were also obtained.

[Food assistance programs in Mexico, coverage and targeting].

Objective: To describe the distribution of social food assistance programs in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: Information about 36 150 households from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012) was included. The distribution of the social assistance food programs by characteristics as rural/urban locality, country region, ethnicity, socioeconomic level and nutritional status was observed.

[Infant feeding practices and deterioration of breastfeeding in Mexico].

Objective: To present data on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCFP) in Mexico from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012) to support the development of public policy.

Population: Women 12-49y and children <2y. Indicators of IYCFP suggested by WHO were analyzed by geographic, socioeconomic, participation in food programs and health insurance variables.

[Stunting in Mexico in the last quarter century: analysis of four national surveys].

Objective: To describe the magnitude, distribution, and trends of undernutrition and overweight from 1988 to 2006, and provide recommendations for their erradication.

Materials And Methods: Antrhopometric indicators of nutritional status in children <5 y from four surveys were analyzed.

Results: Despite its significant reduction in the study period, stunting remains as a public health problem, with the highest prevalences in indigenous population, the rural south and the lowest living conditions quintile.