HOXD-AS2-STAT3 feedback loop attenuates sensitivity to temozolomide in glioblastoma.

Aims: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest glioma and its resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) remains intractable. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in that and this study aimed to investigate underlying mechanism of HOXD-AS2-affected temozolomide sensitivity in glioblastoma.

Methods: We analyzed and validated the aberrant HOXD-AS2 expression in glioma specimens.

Multifocal glioblastoma-two case reports and literature review.

Background: Multifocal glioblastoma is a rare type of glioblastoma with worse prognosis. In this article, we aimed to report two cases of classical multifocal glioblastoma.

Case Presentation: In case 1, a 47-year-old male presented with dizziness, and once had a sudden loss of consciousness accompanied by convulsion of limbs.

Bortezomib inhibits growth and sensitizes glioma to temozolomide (TMZ) via down-regulating the FOXM1-Survivin axis.

Background: High-grade glioma (HGG) is a fatal human cancer. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma but its use in glioma awaits further investigation. This study aimed to explore the chemotherapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of bortezomib on gliomas.

Expression profile of circular RNAs in IDH-wild type glioblastoma tissues.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the expression profiles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in IDH-wild type (IDH-wt) glioblastoma and explore the differences in circRNAs expression between IDH-wt glioblastoma and adjacent normal brain.

Patients And Methods: circRNA expression profiles were detected by circRNA microarray in three matched pairs of IDH-wt glioblastoma and adjacent normal brain. qRT-PCR was used to verify the differential expression of circRNAs from microarray analysis.

CPEB4 regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation and predicts poor outcome of patients.

Objective: Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 (CPEB4) is a regulator of gene expression at transcriptional level and has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy in cancers. However, little was known about the correlation between CPEB4 and glioblastoma cell proliferation and the prognostic significance in patients. Our aim was to investigate the functional role and prognostic value of CPEB4 in glioblastoma.

Actin-capping protein CapG is associated with prognosis, proliferation and metastasis in human glioma.

Glioma is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. In the present study, we identified a vital oncoprotein, capping actin protein, gelsolin-like (CapG), and investigated its roles in the prognosis, proliferation and metastasis in glioma. The mRNA and protein levels of CapG were significantly increased in human glioma, and higher CapG expression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting unfavorable prognosis.

Overexpression of G-protein-coupled receptors 65 in glioblastoma predicts poor patient prognosis.

Objective: G-protein-coupled receptors 65 (GPR65), identified as an acid-sensing receptor, is overexpressed in several malignancies and promote tumor development. Our aim was to investigate the expression and prognostic value of GPR65 in glioblastoma.

Materials And Methods: We determined the expression of GPR65 protein using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing 11 Grade I, 107 Grade II, 47 Grade III, and 102 Grade IV gliomas and 16 normal brains.

Does Early Postsurgical Temozolomide Plus Concomitant Radiochemotherapy Regimen Have Any Benefit in Newly-diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients? A Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel, Open-label, Phase II Clinical Trial.

Background: The radiochemotherapy regimen concomitantly employing temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) 4 weeks after surgery, followed by 6 cycles of TMZ is a common treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). However, its median overall survival (OS) is only 14.6 months.

[Surgical treatment of hemangioblastoma in medulla oblongata:a report of 12 cases].

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnostic strategies and surgical techniques of hemangioblastoma (HB) in medulla oblongata.

Methods: The clinical and radiological characteristics, therapeutic processes and outcomes of 12 HB cases treated at our department from 2002 to 2012 were studied by retrospective analysis.

Results: Headache, somatic numbness and limb muscle weakness were the major symptoms of oblongata HB.

Up-regulation of USP2a and FASN in gliomas correlates strongly with glioma grade.

Gliomas are the most common neoplasms in the central nervous system. The lack of efficacy of glioma therapies necessitates in-depth studies of glioma pathology, especially of the underlying molecular mechanisms that transform normal glial cells into tumor cells. Here we report that a deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 2a (USP2a), and its substrate, fatty acid synthase (FASN), are over-expressed in glioma tissue.

RLIP76 is overexpressed in human glioblastomas and is required for proliferation, tumorigenesis and suppression of apoptosis.

The guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein RLIP76 is overexpressed in many malignant tumor cells, but it is unclear if RLIP76 overexpression contributes to the high proliferative potential of glioma cells. We demonstrate that RLIP76 messenger RNA and protein expression are positively correlated with glioma grade and that higher RLIP76 expression correlates with shorter patient survival. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that RLIP76 expression was positively correlated with the expression of Ki-67, a biomarker for cell proliferation.

Knockdown of CDK6 enhances glioma sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy is widely used for the treatment of glioma. Given the high resistance of brain neoplasm tissues to chemotherapy, it is important to find new methods to improve the effects of chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma resistance to chemotherapy are largely unknown.

Risk factors related to dysautonomia after severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: Dysautonomia after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a clinical syndrome affecting a subgroup of survivors and is characterized by episodes of autonomic dysregulation and muscle overactivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of dysautonomia after severe TBI in an intensive care unit setting and analyze the risk factors for developing dysautonomia.

Methods: A consecutive series of 101 patients with severe TBI admitted in a major trauma hospital during a 2-year period were prospectively observed to determine the effects of age, sex, mode of injury, hypertension history, admission systolic blood pressure, fracture, lung injury, admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, injury severity score, emergency craniotomy, sedation or analgesia, diffuse axonal injury (DAI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scales, and hydrocephalus on the development of dysautonomia.

Complications following ventriculo-peritoneal and subsequent ventriculo-atrial shunting resolved by third ventriculostomy.

Ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt is the most common form of treatment for hydrocephalus and rejection to the shunt hardware is very rare. Also, in ventricul-atrial (VA) shunt thrombi and embolism are possible but rare complications. For the first time, we present a case of rejection and thrombosis following VP and VA shunt in the same patient.

Prognostic influence and magnetic resonance imaging findings in paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after severe traumatic brain injury.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a clinical syndrome affecting a subgroup of survivors of severe brain injury. In this study, the prevalence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presentation, influence on the clinical course in the intensive care unit (ICU), and effect on neurological recovery of PSH were prospectively surveyed in 87 patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cranial MRI was performed during the first 30 days after injury.

Structures and connections of enkephalin- and γ-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive profiles in the gustatory region of the nucleus tractus solitarius: a light and electron microscopic study.

GABA and enkephalin (ENK) are principle inhibitory transmitters in the rostral portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (rNTS) for regulating the gustatory information. Although the existence of GABA- and ENK-immunoreactive (ir) profiles in the rNTS has been demonstrated, there are no morphological data revealing the connections between them. In the present study, using immunofluorescent and electron microscopic methods, we examined their relationship in the rNTS of rat.

Intracranial haemophilic pseudotumor associated with factor VIII deficiency.

Haemophilic pseudotumor is a rare complication of haemophilia occurring in 1-2% of patients and is more frequently located is in the long bones of the lower extremities and in the pelvis. We present the first case of an intracranial haemophilic pseudotumor in a patient with factor VIII deficiency.

[Microsurgical strategies of glioma located in lateral fissure area].

Objective: To investigate the microsurgical strategies of glioma located in lateral fissure area.

Methods: The clinical data of 123 patients with glioma located in lateral fissure area confirmed by pathology, 76 males and 47 females, aged 46.2 (4-75), were retrospectively analyzed.

[Effects of treatment of spasmodic torticollis by neurovascular decompression, myotomy, and toxin type A: a comparative study].

Objective: To compare the effects of treatment of spasmodic torticollis (ST) by neurovascular decompression, myotomy, and botulinum toxin type A and to investigate the mechanism of ST.

Methods: Nine ST patients who failed to respond to other conservative treatment methods underwent neurovascular decompression of accessory nerve. The effect of decompression was compared with that by botulinum toxin in 22 patients and that by myotomy in 13 patients.

Expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C/UbcH10 in astrocytic tumors.

UbcH10 is one of the key regulators of cell cycle progression through the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint pathway. Recently, aberrantly high UbcH10 expression has been demonstrated in a variety of malignancies. However, its role in astrocytic carcinogenesis is not well defined.

3-Dimensional rotational angiography for the treatment of spinal cord vascular malformations.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 3D-RA on the treatment of SCVMs.

Methods: Twelve patients with SCVM were retrospectively reviewed for details of 2D and 3D-RA findings. Pretherapeutic 2D and 3D-RA angiograms were compared with respect to 4 critical categories of parameters: (1) the exact anatomic location, size, and extent; (2) the definitive diagnosis; (3) the precise angioarchitectural configuration; and (4) the contribution to further intervention.

[Molecular cloning and identify expression of the novel human LNX gene in gliomas].

Objective: To clone and identify expression pattern of the novel LNX gene, and characterize its molecular mechanism in all grades of human gliomas.

Methods: From a fetal brain cDNA library, we isolated the novel human LNX gene. The expression pattern of LNX gene in 16 normal tissues was examined by MTC panel (Clontech).

[Cluster analysis and identify significance of novel genes related to glioma in molecule classification].

Objective: To screen differentially expressed genes in the development of human glioma and establish molecular classification of glioma preliminary based on gene expression using cDNA microarray.

Methods: Brain specimens were obtained from 18 patients with glioma, 10 males and 8 females, aged 14 approximately 62 with an average age of 44.4.