Risk of avascular necrosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Insights from a nationwide cohort study and the impact of corticosteroid use.

Background And Aim: Corticosteroid use is a risk factor for avascular necrosis (AVN) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are often exposed to higher corticosteroid usage. We investigated the epidemiology and risk factors of AVN in a nationwide population-based cohort of IBD patients.

Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with IBD were identified, and sex- and age-matched participants from the general population were selected in a 1:3 IBD:non-IBD ratio.

Identifying pregnancy episodes and estimating the last menstrual period using an administrative database in Korea: an application to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objectives: This study developed an algorithm for identifying pregnancy episodes and estimating the last menstrual period (LMP) in an administrative claims database and applied it to investigate the use of pregnancy-incompatible immunosuppressants among pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: An algorithm was developed and applied to a nationwide claims database in Korea. Pregnancy episodes were identified using a hierarchy of pregnancy outcomes and clinically plausible periods for subsequent episodes.

Interstitial lung disease following COVID-19 vaccination: a disproportionality analysis using the Global Scale Pharmacovigilance Database (VigiBase).

Background And Objective: Despite several case reports, population-based studies on interstitial lung disease (ILD) following COVID-19 vaccination are lacking. Given the unprecedented safety issue of COVID-19 vaccination, it is important to assess the worldwide patterns of ILD following COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the signals of COVID-19 vaccine-associated ILD compared with other vaccinations using disproportionality analysis.

Exploring signals of myopathy associated with statin and contraindicated comedications in the realworld.

Background: Using statins in combination with other drugs was reported to increase the risk of myopathy. However, there was a sparse number of studies on the incidence of adverse events (AEs) associated with the concomitant use of statin and contraindicated drugs in the real world.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the risk of concomitant use of statins with contraindicated drugs by exploring signals related to statin-drug interactions.

Developing Operational Definitions Related to Eradication Therapy.

Background: The lack of well-established operational definitions is a major limitation of eradication studies that use secondary databases. We aimed to develop and validate operational definitions related to eradication therapy.

Methods: Operational definitions were developed by analyzing a nationwide eradication registry and validated using real-world data from hospital medical records.

Safety Profiles of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Using World Health Organization Global Scale Database (VigiBase): A Latent Class Analysis.

Introduction: Although messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have been developed and widely utilized to mitigate the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, it is essential to describe the adverse events (AEs) following immunization. This study aimed to identify the patterns associated with serious AE reports after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in the World Health Organization (WHO)'s global scale database (VigiBase).

Methods: This study performed a latent class analysis (LCA) of reports of serious AEs following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination from VigiBase between December 28, 2020 , and February 28, 2022 (N = 312878).

FOXO1 Is a Key Mediator of Glucocorticoid-Induced Expression of Tristetraprolin in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells.

The mRNA destabilizing factor tristetraprolin (TTP) functions as a tumor suppressor by down-regulating cancer-associated genes. expression is significantly reduced in various cancers, which contributes to cancer processes. Enforced expression of impairs tumorigenesis and abolishes maintenance of the malignant state, emphasizing the need to identify a inducer in cancer cells.

Light-Triggered Structural Modulation of Nanofibrous Meshes to Promote Deep Penetration of Cultured Cells.

Although nanofibrous meshes are considered promising cultivation beds for maintaining cell differentiation, 3D cultivation is not possible because their nanoporous structures impede cell infiltration. To facilitate transverse cell migration across nanofibrous meshes, electrospun nanofibers are prepared with structures that vary in response to red laser light. Polyoxalate (POX), composed of oxalate linkers and oligomeric caprolactone, is synthesized and electrospun into fibrous meshes with a photosensitizer (chlorin e6, Ce6).

Atom transfer radical-polymerized cationic shells on gold nanoparticles for near infrared-triggered photodynamic therapy of tumor-bearing animals.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were surface-engineered with a cationic corona to enhance the incorporation of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The cationic corona composed of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) was atom transfer radical-polymerized on the surface of the AuNPs. The cationic corona of the engineered surface was characterized by dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy.

Comparison Study of the Effects of Cationic Liposomes on Delivery across 3D Skin Tissue and Whitening Effects in Pigmented 3D Skin.

Charged phospholipids are employed to formulate liposomes with different surface charges to enhance the permeation of active ingredients through epidermal layers. Although 3D skin tissue is widely employed as an alternative to permeation studies using animal skin, only a small number of studies have compared the difference between these skin models. Liposomal delivery strategies are investigated herein, through 3D skin tissue based on their surface charges.

Association between depression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Contributions of insulin resistance and inflammation.

Background: It is unclear whether depression is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between depression and NAFLD and whether the association is partly explained by insulin resistance or inflammation.

Methods: Subjects consisted of 4,688 adults who participated in the 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Michael-Type Addition of Gelatin on Electrospun Nanofibrils for Self-Assembly of Cell Sheets Composed of Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

To facilitate cell sheet formation of human dermal fibroblasts, gelatin moieties were chemically decorated onto the surface of electrospun nanofibrils (NFs). Poly(caprolactone) [PCL] was electrospun onto fibrous meshes and then fragmented into nanofibrils by optimized milling and hydrolysis. After aminolysis of the NFs, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) was reacted via Michael-type addition with the surface-exposed amines of the aminolyzed NFs (ahPCL NFs).

A caffeic acid-ferulic acid hybrid compound attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells.

In the present study, we synthesized and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the two component hybrids, caffeic acid (CA)-ferulic acid (FA), FA-Tryptamine (Trm), CA-Piperonyl Triazol (PT) and FA-PT. Of these five hybrids, CA-FA had the most potent inhibitory effect on butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity. The CA containing hybrids, CA-FA, CA-Trm, and CA-PT, dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation in BV2 cells, whereas FA-PT, FA-Trm, CA, FA, Trm, and PT did not.

Effects of Huang Bai (Phellodendri Cortex) and Three Other Herbs on GnRH and GH Levels in GT1-7 and GH3 Cells.

The present study was to evaluate the effects of Huang Bai, Zhi Mu, Mai Ya, and Xia Ku Cao on hormone using the GT1-7 and GH3 cells. The GT1-7 and GH3 cell lines were incubated with DW; DMSO; and 30, 100, or 300 μg/mL of one of the four extract solutions in serum-free media for 24 hours. The MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of the four herbs.

Glycyrrhizin alleviates neuroinflammation and memory deficit induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide treatment in mice.

The present study investigated the effects of glycyrrhizin (GRZ) on neuroinflammation and memory deficit in systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice. Varying doses of GRZ was orally administered (10, 30, or 50 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days before the LPS (3 mg/kg) injection. At 24 h after the LPS injection, GRZ significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA at doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg.

Primary osteosarcoma arising from the middle turbinate in a pediatric patient.

Osteosarcomas usually occur as secondary tumors after radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Without a history of irradiation to the head and neck area, primary osteosarcoma of the turbinate is extremely rare. We report here a rare case of primary turbinate osteosarcoma presenting as a relatively small, well-circumscribed, turbinate mass.

Uncommon pulmonary metastasis presenting as pulmonary infarction with tumour emboli in two cases.

We report two cases of pathologically proven pulmonary metastases presenting as pulmonary infarction with tumour emboli. In two cases, high-resolution CT showed multiple small subpleural consolidations in both lungs. The patients had breast cancer and uterine cervix cancer, respectively.

Ectopic hidradenoma papilliferum of the breast: ultrasound finding.

Hidradenoma papilliferum (HP) is a benign neoplasm arising from mammary-like glands which typically involves the dermal layer of the female anogenital area. The prognosis for HP is good. Recurrence is unusual and is typically attributed to incomplete excision of the primary tumor.

Can necrotizing infectious fasciitis be differentiated from nonnecrotizing infectious fasciitis with MR imaging?

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings can be used to differentiate necrotizing infectious fasciitis (NIF) from nonnecrotizing infectious fasciitis (non-NIF).

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained, but patient consent was not required for this retrospective review of records and images because patient anonymity was preserved. Thirty patients (seven with NIF, 23 with non-NIF) were included in the study.

Comparison of hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite scavenging capacity of extracts and active components from selected medicinal plants.

The ability of 80% ethanol extracts from five medicinal plants, Aralia continentalis, Paeonia suffruticosa, Magnolia denudata, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia, to neutralize hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical and peroxynitrite was examined using the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Peroxyl radical was generated from thermal homolysis of 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (ABAP) ; hydroxyl radical by an iron-ascorbate Fenton reaction; peroxynitrite by spontaneous decomposition of 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1) . The oxidants generated react with α-keto-γ-methiolbutyric acid (KMBA) to yield ethylene, and the TOSC of the substances tested is quantified from their ability to inhibit ethylene formation.