Ginsenoside compound K production from ginseng root extract by a thermostable beta-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus.

Ginsenoside compound K was produced from ginseng root extract using a thermostable recombinant beta-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus. The pH and temperature for maximum production were 5.5 and 90 degrees C.

Ginsenoside Rd production from the major ginsenoside Rb(1) by beta-glucosidase from Thermus caldophilus.

Under optimum conditions (pH 5, 75 degrees C, and 0.2 U purified enzyme ml(-1)), 4 mg ginsenoside Rd was produced from 5 mg reagent-grade ginsenoside Rb(1) in 5 ml after 30 min by beta-glucosidase from Thermus caldophilus GK24. Using a ginseng root extract containing 1 mg ginsenoside Rb(1) ml(-1) and 3.

High concentration cultivation of Bifidobacterium bifidum in a submerged membrane bioreactor.

In batch cultures, after 25 h, the maximum cell mass of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 was 4.5 g/L, and the maximum cell count was 3.0 x 10(9) cfu/mL at pH 6.