Clinical features and change in incidence of acute acquired comitant esotropia: a 15-year single-centre study in South Korea.

Background/objectives: We investigated the clinical features and change in incidence of AACE in South Korea.

Subjects/methods: We reviewed the medical records of AACE patients who visited the Strabismus Clinic of at a tertiary referral hospital from 2007 to 2021. Clinical features were retrieved, including age at onset, angle of deviation, refractive errors, neuroimaging findings, and treatment outcomes.

Epibulbar osseous choristoma with dermolipoma: A case report and review of literature.

Background: A choristoma is defined as a growth of histologically normal tissue in an abnormal location. Epibulbar osseous choristoma is the rarest type among all ocular choristoma with less than 100 cases reported. Here, we report a case of epibulbar osseous choristoma combined with dermolipoma and a literature review.

Intercalary staphyloma after strabismus surgery in a patient with Marfan syndrome: A case report.

Rationale: A few cases of intercalary staphyloma have been reported in patients with Marfan syndrome, but we believe that this is the first case of intercalary staphyloma in Marfan syndrome developing after strabismus surgery.

Patient Concerns: A 9-year-old girl diagnosed with Marfan syndrome visited a strabismus clinic for treatment of esotropia. Both eyes were aphakic and had 60 prism diopter esotropia at distance and 55 prism diopter esotropia at near.

Risk Factors for Orbital Implant Extrusion after Evisceration.

Unlabelled: This study analyzed risk factors for extrusion of orbital implants after evisceration by comparing patients with and without implant extrusion.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent evisceration with primary implant placement by a single surgeon from January 2005 to December 2019 at the Chungnam National University Hospital. Age, sex, underlying systemic diseases, axial length of the fellow eye, the cause of evisceration, endophthalmitis type, implant type and size, and preoperative computed tomography findings were evaluated.

Multiple facial candidal abscesses after self-administered acupuncture in a patient with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus: a case report.

Background: Facial abscess caused by Candida albicans infection is a rare condition even in immunocompromised patients, and only a few cases have been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple facial candidal abscesses caused by self-administered acupuncture in an undiagnosed diabetes mellitus patient.

Case Presentation: A 57-year-old woman who had self-acupuncture treatment 2 weeks previously, presented with a 1-week history of progressive left eyelid swelling, erythema, and pain.

Optimal Timing for Primary Early Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Acute Dacryocystitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of primary early endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR) in acute dacryocystitis (AD) and to determine the optimal timing for surgery.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on consecutive patients who underwent primary early EnDCR (within 1 week) for AD between May 2010 and June 2020 (AD group) and an age- and gender-matched control group of NLDO patients who underwent EnDCR (non-AD group). The primary outcome measures were the surgical outcomes at the final follow-up examination.

Modified ocular surface disease index as a screening criteria for dry eye syndrome presenting after successful dacryocystorhinostomy.

Objective: To find preoperative screening criteria for dry eye syndrome (DES) that present after successful endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 110 patients who underwent EDCR for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. DES diagnostic criteria were defined as tear break-up time (TBUT) less than 10 seconds, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score greater than 13 points.

Longitudinal changes in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness of age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To determine longitudinal changes of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in patients with non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) without other ophthalmic disease.

Methods: Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients with early and intermediate non-exudative AMD (non-exudative AMD group) and 33 normal control eyes were followed for 2 years, and GC-IPL thickness was measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography at 1-year intervals. The mean rate of GC-IPL reduction was estimated using a linear mixed model and compared between two groups.

Longitudinal Changes in Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer of Fellow Eyes in Unilateral Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To determine longitudinal changes in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness of the fellow eyes of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients with unilateral neovascular AMD, unilateral polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and control subjects were included.

Characteristics of the Foveal Microvasculature in Asian Patients with Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in the foveal microvasculature in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Eighty-three eyes with dry AMD and 83 age- and sex-matched normal eyes were enrolled. A 3 × 3 mm2 OCTA (Zeiss HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) scan was used to acquire images.

Influence of Epiretinal Membranes on the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma.

Purpose: We investigated changes in the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) following the onset of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in glaucoma patients.

Methods: Among regularly monitored glaucoma patients, patients with a newly diagnosed ERM were consecutively enrolled. Before and after the onset of ERM, the RNFL thickness was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and a visual field examination was performed using a Humphrey field analyzer.

Effect of Preoperative Factor on Intraocular Pressure after Phacoemulsification in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma and Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the effects of cataract surgery on intraocular pressure (IOP) according to preoperative factor in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).

Methods: The medical records of 75 POAG and 95 PACG patients who underwent cataract surgery were reviewed. We classified POAG patients with a preoperative peak IOP of less than 31 mmHg and less than three medications used before surgery and PACG patients with a peak IOP of less than 42 mmHg, less than three medications used, and peripheral anterior synechiae of less than four clock hours into group 1.

Effect of combined goniotomy and phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma patients.

Importance: Although goniotomy is known to be successful in treating congenital glaucoma, its effect in adult glaucoma patients remains unclear.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of goniotomy performed simultaneously with cataract surgery in treatment of open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Longitudinal Changes in Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in High Myopia: A Prospective, Observational Study.

Purpose: To determine longitudinal change of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in patients with high myopia without ophthalmic disease.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Participants: Participants were divided into 2 groups: a high myopia group (80 eyes) that included eyes with an axial length ≥26.

The Importance of Signal Strength in Quantitative Assessment of Retinal Vessel Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

The quality of the scan image is important in microvascular circulation analysis using optical coherence tomography (OCTA). We aimed to investigate the effect of signal strength (SS) on OCTA metrics and minimum SS level that could be considered optimal. Macular 6 × 6 mm angiography images were acquired, and all subjects were divided into four groups according to the SS (SS 7, SS 8, SS 9, and SS 10) of the OCTA image.

Fibromyxoma of the Tarsus: A Case Report.

A 61-year-old woman presented with a slow-growing mass on the right upper eyelid. The hard, fixed, and nontender mass was apparent on the right upper eyelid. It was immobile, and it seemed to be adhered to the tarsus.

Simultaneous detection of major enteric viruses using a combimatrix microarray.

Various enteric viruses including norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus are the major etiological agents of food-borne and water-borne disease outbreaks and frequently cause non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Sensitive and high-throughput detection methods for these viral pathogens are compulsory for diagnosing viral pathogens and subsequently improving public health. Hence, we developed a sensitive, specific, and high-throughput analytical assay to detect most major enteric viral pathogens using "Combimatrix" platform oligonucleotide probes.

Augmenting Effect of DA-9601 on Ghrelin in an Acute Gastric Injury Model.

Background/aims: Acute gastric injury by alcohol or indomethacin has been reported to be prevented by DA-9601, an extract of the herb Artemisia asiatica. Ghrelin, an endogenously produced gastrointestinal peptide hormone, has also been demonstrated to play a role in gastric mucosal defense. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DA-9601 on ghrelin in an acute gastric injury model induced by alcohol or indomethacin.

Investigation of norovirus occurrence in groundwater in metropolitan Seoul, Korea.

Groundwater is an important source of drinking and household water worldwide. Hence, the quality of groundwater is very important for preventing waterborne disease outbreaks and should be properly monitored. This study investigated the prevalence of waterborne viruses and fecal indicators in groundwater in metropolitan Seoul and Gyeonggi province, South Korea.

Disinfection kinetics of murine norovirus using chlorine and chlorine dioxide.

We determined the disinfection efficiency of chlorine and chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) using murine norovirus (MNV) and coliphage MS2 as surrogates for human norovirus. Experiments were performed in oxidant demand-free buffer (pH 7.2) at 5 degrees C and 20 degrees C.

The therapeutic effect of DA-6034 on ocular inflammation via suppression of MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokines and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in an experimental dry eye model.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of DA-6034, 7-carboxymethyloxy-3',4',5-trimethoxy flavone, in experimentally-induced inflammatory dry eye in rabbit. In addition, to elucidate the mechanism of DA-6034, we evaluated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and transcriptional factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in corneal epithelial cells.

Methods: Rabbit lacrimal glands were injected with the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A).