A Leg Cuticle Protein Enhances the Resistance of Mosquitoes to Deltamethrin.

Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes has become a severe impediment to global vector control and manifests as decreased insecticide effectiveness. The role of target site mutations and detoxification enzymes as resistance markers has been documented in mosquitoes; however, the emergence of complex resistant phenotypes suggest the occurrence of additional mechanisms. Cuticular proteins (CPs) are key constituents of the insect cuticle, and play critical roles in insect development and insecticide resistance.

Fungi on the cuticle surface increase the resistance of Aedes albopictus to deltamethrin.

Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) is widely distributed and can transmit many infectious diseases, and insecticide-based interventions play an important role in vector control. However, increased insecticide resistance has become a severe public health problem, and the clarification of its detailed mechanism is a matter of urgence.

An aquaporin and an aquaglyceroporin have roles in low temperature adaptation of mosquitoes (Anopheles sinensis).

Mosquitoes (Anopheles sinensis), widely geographically distributed in Asia including China, are the primary vector of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax and other parasitic diseases such as Malayan filariasis. An. sinensis can survive through low winter temperatures.

The complete mitochondrial genome of major malaria vector (Diptera: Culicidae) in China.

(Xu and Feng 1975) is the major vector of malaria in Eastern and Southern China. The species is considered a synonym of (Baisas & Hu, 1936), although they differ in several key biological characteristics. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of for the first time.

[Analysis of Causes and Condition of Blood Donation Reaction Under Collective Emergency Blood Donation].

Objective: To explore the causes and specific conditions of blood donation reaction under the collective emergency unpaid blood donation, and to provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for drafting the collective emergency unpaid blood donation and blood donation safety.

Methods: Through a combination of prospective and retrospective models, and statistical methods were used to analyze the causes and conditions of the blood donation response of 10401 people participating in collective emergency unpaid blood donation during 2016.1-2018.

[Results analysis of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017].

Objective: To analyze the results of samples testing of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria diagnostic performance in this province.

Methods: The samples of reported malaria cases in Jiangsu were collected by the provincial reference laboratory (PRL) in 2017. The microscopy and nucleic acid test were performed to confirm the infection of species of each case, while antigen tests (rapid diagnostic test, RDT) were performed as well.

[Vector surveillance in Jiangsu Province during the stage of malaria elimination].

Objective: To analyze the vector surveillance results during the stage of malaria elimination, so as to provide the evidence for assessing the local transmission risk of imported malaria and carrying out the surveillance work after malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province.

Methods: From 2011 to 2017, the mosquito population was monitored and human biting rates were calculated by the half overnight human baiting trapping method and overnight lamp trapping method in 7 surveillance sites from June to October. The insecticide resistance level was tested by the force contact method recommended by WHO.

[Progress of malaria elimination of Jiangsu Province, China].

There were vivax malaria, falciparum malaria, and malariae malaria epidemic in Jiangsu Province, and vivax malaria was the dominant disease. and were malaria-transmitted vectors. Since the founding of People's Republic of China, there have been two major malaria outbreaks in Jiangsu Province, when the highest annual malaria incidence reached up to 24.

[Research Progress in Acute Hemolysis and Safe Blood Transfusion of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency-Review].

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is one of hereditary diseases sariously influencing the human health. G6PD is characterized by wide distribution, high incidence, inducing the hemolysis, complex mechanism of hemolysis and common occurence in children and so on. The blood transfusion is most effective method for acute ouset of hemolysis, but the risk is more high, thereby it is necessary to guarante the safety of blood transfusion.

Monitoring of malaria vectors at the China-Myanmar border while approaching malaria elimination.

Background: Tengchong County was one of the counties located at the China-Myanmar border with high malaria incidence in the previous decades. As the pilot county for malaria elimination at the border area, Tengchong County is aiming to be the first county to achieve malaria elimination goal. A cross-sectional entomological survey was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of elimination approach and assess the receptivity of malaria reintroduction.

[Study on expression characteristics of cytochrome P450 genes in ].

Objective: To explore the expression characteristics of cytochrome P450 (CYP) candidate genes (CYP6M3, CYP6Y1, CYP6P5, CYP4H14, CYP4G17, CYP12F16) in .

Methods: The samples were collected from different developmental stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes (females and males) ), and different tissues (salivary glands, malpighian tubes, midguts, ovaries, and fat bodies) of and the female adult mosquitoes exposed by different insecticide doses (0, 1.25, 3.

[Establishment of malaria early warning system in Jiangsu Province Ⅷ Malaria vector monitoring in Jiangsu Province].

Objective: To understand the population, density, seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province, thus to provide evidences for malaria elimination in this province.

Methods: Seven counties (cities, districts) were selected as the monitoring sites for malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2015. The mosquitoes were captured by human bait trapping in bed nets and mosquito-lured lamp overnight, and the seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors were observed.

[Surveillance of malaria in provincial surveillance sites in Jiangsu Province, 2013].

Objective: To understand the epidemic situation and influencing factors of malaria in Jiangsu Province and grasp its epidemic regularity and trend.

Methods: According to the malaria prevalence in Jiangsu Province, 6 counties (city, district) including Yixing, Suining, Wujin, Hai'an, Ganyu and Xuyi were selected as provincial surveillance sites to survey malaria epidemic conditions. The basic information, blood test results of fever patients, case investigation, information of malaria patients, monitoring data of investigation and disposition of the malaria focus were collected and analyzed.

Development and application of an AllGlo probe-based qPCR assay for detecting knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in Anopheles sinensis.

Background: Anopheles sinensis is one of the most important malaria vectors in China and other Southeast Asian countries. High levels of resistance have been reported in this species due to the long-term use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids, for public health and agricultural purposes. Knockdown resistance (kdr) caused by a single base pair mutation in the gene encoding the sodium channel is strongly associated with pyrethroid insecticide resistance in many Anopheles mosquitoes.

[Experimental observation of toxic effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against Aedes, Culex and Anopheles larvae].

Objective: To evaluate the toxic effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) wettable powder against Aedes, Culex and Anopheles larvae.

Methods: The biological assay was applied to test the lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) of Bti wettable powder against Aedes, Culex and Anopheles larvae.

[Establishment of malaria early warning system in Jiangsu Province II application of digital earth system in malaria epidemic management and surveillance].

Objectives: To explore a new mode of malaria elimination through the application of digital earth system in malaria epidemic management and surveillance.

Methods: While we investigated the malaria cases and deal with the epidemic areas in Jiangsu Province in 2011, we used JISIBAO UniStrong G330 GIS data acquisition unit (GPS) to collect the latitude and longitude of the cases located, and then established a landmark library about early-warning areas and an image management system by using Google Earth Free 6.2 and its image processing software.

[Study on TaqMan-MGB real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect gene mutation of kdr from Anopheles sinensis].

Objective: To establish a Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR to detect the kdr gene mutation in Anopheles sinensis.

Methods: One pair of primers and three TaqMan-MGB probes were designed based on kdr gene and its L1014 locus mutations of A. sinensis.

[Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding aquaporin (AQP) gene from Anopheles sinensis].

Objective: To clone and analyze the full-length sequence of aquaporin gene of Anopheles sinensis (AsAQP), so as to provide an insight into its biology functions.

Methods: The degenerate primers were used to amplify conserved region of AQP from An. sinensis cDNA.

[Establishment of early warning system of malaria epidemic situation in Jiangsu Province I impact of temperature on development of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles sinensis in Jiangsu Province].

Objective: To observe the developmental threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature of Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in Anopheles sinensis in Jiangsu Province, and to analyze the impact of temperature on the development of Plasmodium vivax.

Methods: The Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes were maintained under different temperatures of 16 +/- 0.5, 19 +/- 0.

[Detection of Plasmodium sporozoites in mosquitoes by using fluorescent quantitative PCR].

Objective: To establish a fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) method for quantitative detection and species identification of Plasmodium sporozoites in Anopheles mosquitoes.

Methods: One pair of human Plasmodium genus-specific primers based on 18S rRNA genes were used and the reaction system and reaction condition of FQ-PCR were optimized by using the mixture of Plasmodium 18S rRNA gene recombinant plasmids and Anopheles DNA as a template. The specificity was verified by using four Plasmodium spp.

[Molecular identification of Anopheles hyrcanus complex by using single enzyme digestion PCR-RFLP method].

Objective: To establish a novel molecular identification method for discrimination of members within Anopheles hyrcanus complex.

Methods: The sequences of the ribosomal DNA second internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS2) region of An. hyrcanus complex, including An.

[Impact of different temperatures on development of Anopheles anthropoghagus in Jiangsu Province].

Objective: To observe the development and breeding of Anopheles anthropophagus in Jiangsu Province under different temperatures, so as to provide theoretical evidence for malaria epidemiology research and vector control.

Methods: Anopheles anthropophagus was maintained under different temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 degrees C in cultivator, and the development of egg stage, larva, pupal stage and reproductive and vegetative cycle were observed. Then the time of entire developmental cycle of Anopheles anthropophagus at different temperatures was calculated.

[Survey on malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province, 2005-2009].

Objective: To understand the species, density and seasonal variation of malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for malaria control.

Methods: From 2005 to 2009, 5 towns in Jiangsu Province were selected as surveillance sites, and the species of malaria vectors and their density and seasonal variation were studied by the outdoor and indoor trapping methods. The data of malaria cases were analyzed by the circular distribution method.

[Sensitivity of Anopheles sinensis to insecticides in Jiangsu Province].

Objective: To understand the sensitivity of Anopheles sinensis to deltamethrin, DDT and malathion in Jiangsu province.

Methods: The adult mosquitoes were captured from the fields of Sihong, Yangzhong and Yixing counties (cities) and cultured, and by using the method recommended by WHO, their first filial generations knocked down at 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after exposure with insecticides aforementioned were counted, and the mortality of mosquitoes tested after 24 h was recorded.

Results: The knock down rates of mosquitoes, which were the first generation (F0) of Anopheles sinensis captured from the field of Sihong, Yangzhong, Yixing counties (cities) to 0.