Self-management theories, models and frameworks in patients with chronic heart failure: A scoping review.

Aim: The aim of this study was to synthesize the self-management theory, model and frameworks of patients with chronic heart failure, focusing on construction process, methods and existing problems.

Background: Although the self-management theories have been created and verified for those patients with chronic heart failure, no reviews have been performed to integrate these theories.

Design: A scoping review of recent literature (without a date limit) was conducted.