Paradigm shift in Nutrient-Energy-Water centered sustainable wastewater treatment system through synergy of bioelectrochemical system and anaerobic digestion.

With advancements in research and the necessity of improving the performance of bioelectrochemical system (BES), coupling anaerobic digestion (AD) with BES is crucial for energy gain from wastewater and bioremediation. Hybridization of BES-AD concept opens new avenues for pollutant degradation, carbon capture and nutrient-resource recovery from wastewater. The strength of merging BES-AD lies in synergy, and this approach was employed to differentiate fads from strategies with the potential for full-scale implementation and making it an energy-positive system.

The structure of MucD from Pseudomonas syringae revealed N-terminal loop-mediated trimerization of HtrA-like serine protease.

Protein quality control mechanisms are essential for maintaining cellular integrity, and the HtrA family of serine proteases plays a crucial role in handling folding stress in prokaryotic periplasm. Escherichia coli harbors three HtrA members, namely, DegS, DegP, and DegQ, which share a common domain structure. MucD, a putative HtrA family member that resembles DegP, is involved in alginate biosynthesis regulation and the stress response.

Structural basis of IRGB10 oligomerization by GTP hydrolysis.

Immunity-related GTPase B10 (IRGB10) is a crucial member of the interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases and plays a vital role in host defense mechanisms. Following infection, IRGB10 is induced by IFNs and functions by liberating pathogenic ligands to activate the inflammasome through direct disruption of the pathogen membrane. Despite extensive investigation into the significance of the cell-autonomous immune response, the precise molecular mechanism underlying IRGB10-mediated microbial membrane disruption remains elusive.

The structure of AcrIC9 revealing the putative inhibitory mechanism of AcrIC9 against the type IC CRISPR-Cas system.

CRISPR-Cas systems are known to be part of the bacterial adaptive immune system that provides resistance against intruders such as viruses, phages and other mobile genetic elements. To combat this bacterial defense mechanism, phages encode inhibitors called Acrs (anti-CRISPR proteins) that can suppress them. AcrIC9 is the most recently identified member of the AcrIC family that inhibits the type IC CRISPR-Cas system.

Structure of YdjH from Acinetobacter baumannii revealed an active site of YdjH family sugar kinase.

Bacterial sugar kinase is a central enzyme for proper sugar degradation in bacteria, essential for survival and growth. Therefore, this enzyme family is a primary target for antibacterial drug development, with YdjH most preferring to phosphorylate higher-order monosaccharides with a carboxylate terminus. Sugar kinases express diverse specificity and functions, making specificity determination of this family a prominent issue.

Amorphous iron oxide-selenite composite microspheres with a yolk-shell structure as highly efficient anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Yolk-shell structured transition metal compounds have intrinsic structural advantages as anode materials and have been synthesized in a highly crystalline form. Thus, development of a synthesis process for a yolk-shell structure with an amorphous state, that displays high structural stability and fast ionic diffusion, is a notable research subject, with wide applications in fields such as energy storage. Herein, a novel approach for synthesizing amorphous materials with a yolk-shell structure using several facile phase transformation processes is presented.

Effects of Melting Conditions on Cerium Oxidation State and Catalytic Properties of CeO₂-P₂O Glass Systems.

As with any solvent, stabilizing a multivalent element at a given oxidation state in glass depends on the thermodynamic conditions. The effects of temperature on the oxidation-reduction equilibrium have been previously noted with higher temperatures being more conducive to reduced states. Herein, 30CeO₂-70P₂O binary system glasses were prepared.

Impact of commercial cigarette smoke condensate on brain tissue co-cultured with astrocytes and blood-brain barrier endothelial cells.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of two commercial cigarette smoke condensates (CCSC) on oxidative stress and cell cytotoxicity in human brain (T98G) or astrocytes (U-373 MG) in the presence of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Cell viability of mono-culture of T98G or U-373 MG was markedly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, and T98G was more susceptible than U-373 MG to CCSC exposure. Cytotoxicity was less prominent when T98G was co-cultured with HBMEC than when T98G was co-cultured with U-373 MG.

Oxidative Stress Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extracts in Human Brain Cells (T98G) and Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBMEC) in Mono- and Co-Culture.

The objective of the current study was to examine oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in human brain cells (T98G) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) in mono- and co-culture systems. Cell viability of T98G cells exposed to CSC (0.05-4 mg/ml) was significantly decreased compared to CSE (0.

Microbial bioconversion and processing methods enhance the phenolic acid and flavonoids and the radical scavenging capacity of Smilax china L. leaf.

Background: It has been reported that Smilax china L. leaf (SCL) provided various biological functions owing to polyphenols. The objective of the current study was to assess the enhancing effect of processing methods and microbial conversions on phenolic acid and flavonoid content and radical scavenging capacity of SCL for potential applications of diverse food products.