Deep Learning-based Multi-class Classification for Neonatal Respiratory Diseases on Chest Radiographs in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Objective Accurate and timely interpretation of chest radiographs is essential for assessing respiratory distress and guiding clinical management to improve outcomes of critically ill newborns. This study aimed to introduce a deep learning-based automated algorithm designed to classify various neonatal respiratory diseases and healthy lungs using a large dataset of high-quality, multi-class labeled chest X-ray images from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Methods Portable supine chest X-ray images for six common conditions (healthy lung, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), air leak syndrome (ALS), atelectasis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)) and demographic variables (gestational age and birth weight) were retrospectively collected from 10 university hospitals in Korea.

Impact of Palivizumab in Preventing Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Moderate-to-Late Preterm Infants: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis using palivizumab effectively reduces RSV-associated morbidity in preterm infants. In Korea, national insurance coverage for palivizumab was implemented in October 2016 for moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT) infants born during the RSV season (October-March) who have older siblings. However, no large-scale studies have investigated the changes in the incidence and risk of severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) after insurance coverage implementation for MLPT infants.

Strategies to support language development in neonatal intensive care unit: a narrative review.

Despite neonatal intensive care advancements and quality improvements, preterm infants often experience delays in speech and language development during early childhood. The etiological pathway of language delays is multifactorial, including younger gestational age at birth, male sex, pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia, organic pathology from neonatal morbidities, environmental factors of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and prolonged hospitalization, home environment including socioeconomic status and parental education, and parent-infant interactions. As early language experiences and environments are crucial for the development of language processing, strategies to support language development should be implemented from the NICU onward.

Clinical and dental predictors of preterm birth using machine learning methods: the MOHEPI study.

Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the most common and serious complications of pregnancy, leading to mortality and severe morbidities that can impact lifelong health. PTB could be associated with various maternal medical condition and dental status including periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to identify major predictors of PTB among clinical and dental variables using machine learning methods.

Association between Exclusive Breastfeeding and the Incidence of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.

Objective: To assess the relationship between breastfeeding and the risk of developing nephrotic syndrome using a population-based nationwide birth cohort in Korea.

Study Design: This nationwide cohort study utilized data from the National Health Information Database and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children. The study included all children born between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, who underwent their first health screening, which included a specific questionnaire on breastfeeding between 4 and 6 months of age.

Survival and Risk Factors for Mortality in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease in South Korea.

Background/aim: The survival of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) has dramatically improved over recent decades. However, a disparity exists depending on the country and medical system. This study aimed to analyze the survival of infants with CHD until the age of 18 years using large-scale population data in South Korea and investigate the effect of neonatal conditions at birth.

Machine learning analysis with population data for prepregnancy and perinatal risk factors for the neurodevelopmental delay of offspring.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in offspring are associated with a complex combination of pre-and postnatal factors. This study uses machine learning and population data to evaluate the association between prepregnancy or perinatal risk factors and the NDD of offspring. Population-based retrospective cohort data were obtained from Korea National Health Insurance Service claims data for 209,424 singleton offspring and their mothers who gave birth for the first time in 2007.

Risk factors and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in very preterm infants.

Background: Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune system. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) poses a high-risk to very preterm (VP) infants. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with VDD in VP infants and its potential clinical outcomes.

Analysis of perinatal risk factors for massive pulmonary hemorrhage in very low birth weight infant: A nationwide large cohort database.

Objective: To determine perinatal risk factors for Massive pulmonary hemorrhage (MPH) and MPH-caused mortality to guide clinicians in implementing preventive measures at the beginning of life for improving the survival of very low birth weight infant (VLBWIs).

Study Design: A total of 13,826 VLBWIs born between 2013 and 2020 in the Korean Neonatal Network database were included.

Results: MPH occurred in 870 (6.

Expert opinion on evidence after the 2020 Korean Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines: a secondary publication.

Considerable evidence has been published since the 2020 Korean Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines were reported. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) also publishes the Consensus on CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) summary annually. This review provides expert opinions by reviewing the recent evidence on CPR and ILCOR treatment recommendations.

Machine learning-based risk factor analysis of adverse birth outcomes in very low birth weight infants.

This study aimed to analyze major predictors of adverse birth outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants including particulate matter concentration (PM), using machine learning and the national prospective cohort. Data consisted of 10,423 VLBW infants from the Korean Neonatal Network database during January 2013-December 2017. Five adverse birth outcomes were considered as the dependent variables, i.

COVID-19 and vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic analysis using Korea National Health Insurance claims data.

Objective: This study systematically analyzed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and vaccination details during pregnancy by using the national health insurance claims data.

Methods: Population-based retrospective cohort data of 12,399,065 women aged 15-49 years were obtained from the Korea National Health Insurance Service claims database between 2019 and 2021. Univariate analysis was performed to compare the obstetric outcomes of pregnant women (ICD-10 O00-O94) and their newborns (ICD-10 P00-P96) with and without COVID-19.

Survey of Korean pediatrician's perceptions of barriers to and improvements in breastfeeding.

Background: Although the benefits of breastfeeding are broadly acknowledged with the efforts of the government and several medical societies, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding through 6 months is lower in Korea than in developed countries.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate pediatricians' perceptions of breastfeeding barriers and the current breastfeeding counseling environment and propose government policies to encourage breastfeeding in Korea.

Methods: Fourteen survey questions were developed during meetings of Korean Society of Breastfeeding Medicine experts.

Survey on the Status of Breastfeeding in Korean Medical Institution Workers.

Background: Human breast milk is essential and provides irreplaceable nutrients for early humans. However, breastfeeding is not easy for various reasons in medical institution environments. Therefore, in order to improve the breastfeeding environment, we investigated the difficult reality of breastfeeding through questionnaire responses from medical institution workers.

Breastfeeding and vitamin D.

The recent re-emergence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and rickets among breastfed infants without adequate sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation has been reported worldwide. Breastfed infants are particularly vulnerable to VDD because of the low vitamin D content of breast milk, restricted sunlight exposure, increased pollution, and limited natural dietary sources of vitamin D. The prevalence of VDD in breastfed infants differs vastly between studies and nations at 0.

Head growth during neonatal intensive care unit stay is related to the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm small for gestational age infants.

Background: To investigate postnatal growth patterns and their relationship with the neurodevelopment of preterm infants born small for gestational age (SGA).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 90 infants born SGA with a birthweight <1500 g or gestational age <32 weeks. Length, weight, and head circumference (HC) were recorded at birth, 35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), 40 weeks PMA, and 4, 9, and 18 months corrected age (CA).

Preventive Intervention Program on the Outcomes of Very Preterm Infants and Caregivers: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Increased survival in the very preterm population results in a higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental and behavioral disabilities among survivors. We examined the outcomes of very preterm infants and parents after a preventive intervention program of four home visits by a specialized nurse, 5 days, 2 weeks, and 1 month after discharge, respectively, and at CA 2 months, followed by up to 12 times of group sessions between CA 3 and 6 months. Our multicenter randomized controlled trial assessed 138 preterm infants (gestational age ≤30 weeks or birth weight ≤1500 g) enrolled from the three participating hospitals.

The Long-Term Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis.

The preterm-born adult population is ever increasing following improved survival rates of premature births. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate long-term effects of preterm birth on renal function in preterm-born survivors. We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies that compared renal function in preterm-born survivors and full-term-born controls, published until 2 February 2019.

Radiological screening of maternal periodontitis for predicting adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

It is well known that periodontitis, diagnosed mainly by periodontal probing, is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, periodontal probing is time-consuming, highly discomforting, inaccurate, and invasive. We aimed to assess whether periodontitis severity based on radiological staging in accordance with the 2017 new consensus classification was related to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.