Stepwise transmigration of T- and B cells through a perivascular channel in high endothelial venules.

High endothelial venules (HEVs) effectively recruit circulating lymphocytes from the blood to lymph nodes. HEVs have endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular sheaths consisting of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). Yet, post-luminal lymphocyte migration steps are not well elucidated.

Manifestation of Kohn anomaly in 1/f fluctuations in metallic carbon nanotubes.

Low-frequency noise in metallic single walled carbon nanotubes is shown to be strongly dependent on the Fermi level position and the applied electric field across the nanotube. Resonance-like enhancement observed near optical phonon energy only when the Fermi level lies near the Dirac point is correlated to Raman G-band softening and broadening. The results suggest that the competition between zone-center and zone-boundary phonon scattering is the underlying origin of the large enhancement and resonance-like behavior of 1/f noise.

Low-frequency noise in ambipolar carbon nanotube transistors.

Low-frequency noise measurements on individual single-walled carbon nanotube transistors exhibiting ambipolar characteristics have been carried out. With a polymer electrolyte as gate medium, low-frequency noise can be monitored in both p- and n-channel operation of the same nanotube under the same chemical environment. 1/ f noise in the p-channel of polymer electrolyte gated nanotube transistor is similar to that of back gate operation.

pH-dependent electron-transport properties of carbon nanotubes.

Carbon nanotube electrochemical transistors integrated with microfluidic channels are utilized to examine the effects of aqueous electrolyte solutions on the electron-transport properties of single isolated carbon nanotubes. In particular, pH and concentration of supporting inert electrolytes are examined. A systematic threshold voltage shift with pH is observed while the transconductance and subthreshold swing remain independent of pH and concentration.