Mortality of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to smoking, alcohol, and metabolic risk factors, and its association with socioeconomic development status 2000-2021: GI Cancer Mortality and Risk Factors.

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for one-third of global cancer mortality, with nearly half being preventable. This study updates the global burden of GI cancers attributed to major risk factors: smoking, alcohol, and metabolic disturbances.

Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to examine trends in death and age-standardized death rates related to GI cancers caused by smoking, alcohol, high body mass index (BMI), and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 2000 to 2021.

Increased MASH-associated liver cancer in younger demographics.

Background: The incidence of cancer and the prevalence of metabolic disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is increasing in young adults. However, updated global data on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-associated primary liver cancer (PLC) in young adults remains scarce.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease study between 2000 and 2021 to assess the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years rates from MASH-associated PLC in young adults (15-49 y).

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Followed by Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Emerges as the Fastest-Growing Aetiologies for Primary Liver Cancer in the United States.

Objective: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is projected to be the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States in 2040. We examine the burden of PLC in the United States, stratified by sex, state and aetiological risk factors.

Methods: Data on PLC prevalence, incidence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Hepatocellular carcinoma: updates on epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis and treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global burden, ranking as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. HCC due to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or C virus (HCV) infection has decreased due to universal vaccination for HBV and effective antiviral therapy for both HBV and HCV, but HCC related to metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is increasing. Biannual liver ultrasonography and serum α-fetoprotein are the primary surveillance tools for early HCC detection among high-risk patients (e.

Increased mortality from alcohol use disorder, alcohol-associated liver disease, and liver cancer from alcohol among older adults in the United States: 2000 to 2021.

Background: To investigate the trends in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), liver cancer from alcohol, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) burden among older adults in the United States (US).

Methods: We gathered the ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD prevalence, mortality, and age-standardized rates (ASRs) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 between 2010 and 2021. We estimated the annual percent change (APC) with confidence intervals (CIs) for the burden of ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD in older adults (>70 years) in the United States.

Value of HCC surveillance in a landscape of emerging surveillance options: Perspectives of a multi-stakeholder modified delphi panel.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is recommended by liver professional societies but lacks broad acceptance by several primary care and cancer societies due to limitations in the existing data. We convened a diverse multidisciplinary group of cancer screening experts to evaluate current and future paradigms of HCC prevention and early detection using a rigorous Delphi panel approach. The experts had high agreement on twenty-one statements about primary prevention, HCC surveillance benefits, HCC surveillance harms, and the evaluation of emerging surveillance modalities.

Global Trend of MASH-associated Liver Cancer: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are the leading causes of liver disease and are emerging as the main risk factors for primary liver cancer (PLC). However, updated global data on MASH remain scarce.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease study between 2000 and 2021 to assess the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from MASH-associated PLC, stratified by geographical region, sociodemographic index, age, and sex.

Current and emerging strategies for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with incident cases expected to rise from 905,700 in 2020 to 1.4 million by 2040. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 80% of all primary liver cancers.

Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges, Advances, and Clinical Implications.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive primary liver malignancy often diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in a poor prognosis. Accurate risk stratification and early detection of HCC are critical unmet needs for improving outcomes. Several blood-based biomarkers and imaging tests are available for early detection, prediction, and monitoring of HCC.

Alcohol-related liver and extrahepatic malignancies: burden of disease and socioeconomic disparities in 2019.

Background: Alcohol is linked to various cancers. While many studies have focused on developed countries, the burden of alcohol-related cancers in developing countries remains underexplored.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2000-2019) to assess mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from alcohol-related cancers in low and low-to-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) countries.

Complete response and long-term survival after short-course camrelizumab plus apatinib, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, and transarterial chemoembolization in large and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.

Background: In China, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and systemic therapy are the primary treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is more effective than TACE in treating large HCC (largest diameter ≥7 cm) without macrovascular invasion or extrahepatic spread. Additionally, HAIC in combination with camrelizumab and apatinib has shown promising efficacy and safety in the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (BCLC-C) HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction and early detection in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease.

The rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its more severe form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is closely linked with a heightened risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the elevated risk of HCC in patients with MASLD, the existing surveillance guidelines are inadequate, particularly for those without cirrhosis. This review evaluates current HCC surveillance practices in patients with MASLD and their shortcomings.

Bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged during deceased donor liver transplantation: a prospective observational study.

Decompensated cirrhotic patients experience severely increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. Thus, autologous blood salvaged during deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) may be contaminated with enteric bacteria. We aimed to evaluate bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged during DDLT and its association with post-transplant bacteremia.

Liver cancer in 2021: Global burden of disease study.

Background & Aims: The epidemiology of adult primary liver cancer continues to evolve, owing to the increasing prevalence of metabolic disease, rising alcohol consumption, advances in vaccination for HBV, and antiviral therapy for HCV. Disparities in care and the burden of liver cancer between populations persist. We assess trends in the burden of liver cancer and contributions by various etiologies across 204 countries and territories from 2010 to 2021.

Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Subcentimeter Liver Nodules Identified on Surveillance Ultrasound: A Systematic Review.

Background & Aims: Guidelines recommend that sub-centimeter nodules on ultrasound be followed with short-interval surveillance ultrasound, given assumed low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and suboptimal diagnostic imaging performance in lesions <1 cm. We performed a systematic review to estimate HCC risk among patients with cirrhosis and sub-centimeter nodules detected on ultrasound.

Methods: We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for relevant articles published between January 2005 and July 2024.

Novel Biomarkers for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Most patients present with late diagnosis, leading to poor prognosis. This narrative review explores novel biomarkers for early HCC detection.

GALAD Score for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Validation Study in Ghanaian Patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide including sub-Saharan Africa. The GALAD score, derived from Gender, Age, Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha fetoprotein, Alpha fetoprotein, and Des-carboxy-prothrombin, has high accuracy in diagnosing HCC in Asia, Europe, and North America; however, it has not been validated in an African cohort. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the GALAD score in the diagnosis of HCC in sub-Saharan Africa.