Graphene Membrane for Water-Related Environmental Application: A Comprehensive Review and Perspectives.

Graphene-based materials can be potentially utilized for separation membranes due to their unique structural properties such as precise molecular sieving by interlayer spacing or pore structure and excellent stability in harsh environmental conditions. Therefore, graphene-based membranes have been extensively demonstrated for various water treatment applications, including desalination, water extraction, and rare metal ion recovery. While most of the utilization has still been limited to the laboratory scale, emerging studies have dealt with scalable approaches to show commercial feasibility.

A Novel RAGE Modulator Induces Soluble RAGE to Reduce BACE1 Expression in Alzheimer's Disease.

β-secretase (BACE1) is instrumental in amyloid-β (Aβ) production, with overexpression noted in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. The interaction of Aβ with the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) facilitates cerebral uptake of Aβ and exacerbates its neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation, further augmenting BACE1 expression. Given the limitations of previous BACE1 inhibition efforts, the study explores reducing BACE1 expression to mitigate AD pathology.

Cryogenic III-V and Nb electronics integrated on silicon for large-scale quantum computing platforms.

Quantum computers now encounter the significant challenge of scalability, similar to the issue that classical computing faced previously. Recent results in high-fidelity spin qubits manufactured with a Si CMOS technology, along with demonstrations that cryogenic CMOS-based control/readout electronics can be integrated into the same chip or die, opens up an opportunity to break out the challenges of qubit size, I/O, and integrability. However, the power consumption of cryogenic CMOS-based control/readout electronics cannot support thousands or millions of qubits.

Brain Metabolic Resilience in Alzheimer's Disease: A Predictor of Cognitive Decline and Conversion to Dementia.

Objective: Brain atrophy measured by structural imaging has been used to quantify resilience against neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Considering glucose hypometabolism is another marker of neurodegeneration, we quantified metabolic resilience (MR) based on Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) and investigated its clinical implications.

Methods: We quantified the MR and other resilience metrics, including brain resilience (BR) and cognitive resilience (CR), using partial least squares path modeling from the ADNI database.

Efficacy of cold and cryo-preserved nerve allografts with low-dose FK506 for motor nerve regeneration: a preclinical study.

Background: Despite their ability to regenerate as well as autografts, the use of nerve allografts is limited by the need for immunosuppression and the risk of disease transmission. Further, decellularized allografts lacking Schwann cells limit axonal regeneration in long nerve defects. This study evaluated sciatic nerve regeneration in rats implanted with cold- or cryopreserved allografts, and examined the effects of FK506, an immunosuppressant that targets calcineurin function, on motor recovery.

Assessing the impact of information on patient attitudes toward artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support (AI/CDS): a pilot web-based SMART vignette study.

Background: It is increasingly recognised that the success of artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support (AI/CDS) tools will depend on physician and patient trust, but factors impacting patients' views on clinical care reliant on AI have been less explored.

Objective: This pilot study explores whether, and in what contexts, detail of explanation provided about AI/CDS tools impacts patients' attitudes toward the tools and their clinical care.

Methods: We designed a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial vignette web-based survey.

Association between focal amyloid deposition and cognitive impairment in individuals below the amyloid threshold.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of individuals with amyloid levels below the threshold. To achieve this, we differentiated between two groups: those with global amyloid negativity but focal deposition [G(-)F(+)] and those without focal deposition [G(-)F(-)].

Materials And Methods: A total of 2,677 participants were diagnosed with cognitive unimpairment (CU) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Size-dependent optoelectronic characteristics of InGaN/GaN red micro-LEDs on 4-inch Si substrates: high pixel density arrays demonstration.

In this study, we explored the size-dependent optoelectronic characteristics of InGaN/GaN red micro-LEDs grown on Si substrates. We successfully demonstrated the fabrication of 4-inch wafer-scale InGaN/GaN micro-LEDs, showcasing the feasibility of large-scale production. Additionally, we presented the binary pixel display with 6 µm pitch, achieving a resolution of 4232 PPI.

Plasma Alzheimer's disease biomarker variability: Amyloid-independent and amyloid-dependent factors.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate which factors affect plasma biomarker levels via amyloid beta (Aβ)-independent or Aβ-dependent effects and improve the predictive performance of these biomarkers for Aβ positivity on positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: A total of 2935 participants underwent blood sampling for measurements of plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217; ALZpath), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels using single-molecule array and Aβ PET. Laboratory findings were collected using a routine blood test battery.

Korea-Registries to Overcome Dementia and Accelerate Dementia Research (K-ROAD): A Cohort for Dementia Research and Ethnic-Specific Insights.

Background And Purpose: Dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, is a significant global health concern, with early diagnosis and treatment development being critical goals. While numerous cohorts have advanced dementia research, there is a lack of comprehensive data on ethnic differences, particularly for the Korean population. The Korea-Registries to Overcome Dementia and Accelerate Dementia Research (K-ROAD) aims to establish a large-scale, hospital-based dementia cohort to address this gap, with a focus on understanding disease progression, developing early diagnostics, and supporting treatment advancements specific to the Korean population.

BEOL-Compatible 4F Oscillator Using Vertical InGaAs Biristor for Highly Scalable Monolithic 3D Ising Solver.

Ising solvers are important for efficiently addressing non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), where scalability and compactness are crucial for practical applications. In this study, an experimental demonstration of an oscillator-based Ising solver employing a highly scalable 4F InGaAs bi-stable resistor (biristor) is presented. It is first explored the oscillation behavior of the InGaAs biristor, establishing that classical Ising spins can be emulated using the sub-harmonic injection locking (SHIL) technique.

Difference in trajectories according to early amyloid accumulation in cognitively unimpaired elderly.

Background And Purpose: Amyloid β (Aβ), a major biomarker of Alzheimer's disease, leads to tau accumulation, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Modelling the trajectory of Aβ accumulation in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals is crucial, as treatments targeting Aβ are anticipated. The evolution of Aβ levels was investigated to determine whether it could lead to classification into different groups by studying longitudinal Aβ changes in older CU individuals, and differences between the groups were compared.

Different associations between body mass index and Alzheimer's markers depending on metabolic health.

Background: Increasing evidence supports the association between body mass index (BMI), Alzheimer's disease, and vascular markers. Recently, metabolically unhealthy conditions have been reported to affect the expression of these markers. We aimed to investigate the effects of BMI status on Alzheimer's and vascular markers in relation to metabolic health status.

Effects of a Triage Checklist to optimize insomnia treatment outcomes and reduce hypnotic use: the RCT of the effectiveness of stepped-care sleep therapy in general practice study.

Study Objectives: Evaluate a triaged stepped-care strategy among adults 50 and older with insomnia disorder.

Methods: Participants (N = 245) were classified at baseline by a Triage Checklist. Those projected to do better if they start treatment with therapist versus digitally delivered CBT-I (tCBT-I vs dCBT-I) constituted the YES stratum (n = 137); the rest constituted the NO stratum (n = 108).

Ethnic differences in the effects of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 and vascular risk factors on accelerated brain aging.

The frequency of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele and vascular risk factors differs among ethnic groups. We aimed to assess the combined effects of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 and vascular risk factors on brain age in Korean and UK cognitively unimpaired populations. We also aimed to determine the differences in the combined effects between the two populations.

Amplifying Photochromic Response in Tungsten Oxide Films with Titanium Oxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Tungsten oxide (WO) is known for its photochromic properties, making it useful for smart windows, displays, and sensors. However, its small bandgap leads to rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs, resulting in poor photochromic performance. This study aims to enhance the photochromic properties of WO by synthesizing hexagonal tungsten oxide via hydrothermal synthesis, which increases surface area and internal hydrates.

Physicians' and Machine Learning Researchers' Perspectives on Ethical Issues in the Early Development of Clinical Machine Learning Tools: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: Innovative tools leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are rapidly being developed for medicine, with new applications emerging in prediction, diagnosis, and treatment across a range of illnesses, patient populations, and clinical procedures. One barrier for successful innovation is the scarcity of research in the current literature seeking and analyzing the views of AI or ML researchers and physicians to support ethical guidance.

Objective: This study aims to describe, using a qualitative approach, the landscape of ethical issues that AI or ML researchers and physicians with professional exposure to AI or ML tools observe or anticipate in the development and use of AI and ML in medicine.

Distinct effects of blood pressure parameters on Alzheimer's and vascular markers in 1,952 Asian individuals without dementia.

Background: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including elevated blood pressure, are known to increase risk of Alzheimer's disease. There has been increasing awareness of the relationship between long-term blood pressure (BP) patterns and their effects on the brain. We aimed to investigate the association of repeated BP measurements with Alzheimer's and vascular disease markers.