Comparative miRNA Expression Profile Analysis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Peritumoral Mucosa from the Meso- and Hypopharynx.

Background/aim: The role of microRNAs (miRNA) in carcinogenesis is related to their genome-regulatory function. The aim of the present study was to identify and compare miRNA expression signatures of meso- and hypopharynx squamous cell cancers in consideration of the cancer field hypothesis.

Patients And Methods: Thirteen snap-frozen biopsy series of tumors and peritumoral tissues from the meso- and hypopharynx were analyzed regarding their miRNA expression with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Retrospective analysis of tympanoplasty in children with cleft palate: a 24-year experience. II. Cholesteatomatous cases.

Background: Contradictory experience has been published on the outcomes of ear surgery in patients with cleft palate.

Objectives: The authors of this study investigated whether there were differences in the short- and long-term outcomes of tympanoplasty performed due to cholesteatoma in children with or without cleft palate.

Setting: Tertiary care medical centre.

Retrospective analysis of tympanoplasty in children with cleft palate: a 22-year experience: I. Mesotympanic (non-cholesteatomatous) cases.

Background: Contradictory data have been published on the outcomes of ear surgeries in cleft patients.

Objectives: To investigate whether there are differences in the short and long term outcomes of tympanoplasty performed due to childhood chronic mesotympanic otitis media in patients without and with cleft palate.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric medical centre.

Sedation of children for auditory brainstem response using ketamine-midazolam-atropine combination - a retrospective analysis.

Authors investigated sedation quality in children for auditory brainstem response testing. Two-hundred and seventy-six sedation procedures were retrospectively analyzed using recorded data focusing on efficacy of sedation and complications. Intramuscular ketamine-midazolam-atropine combination was administered on sedation preceded by narcotic suppository as pre-medication.

Long-term results of the use of autogenous cortical bone columellas to replace the stapes at stapedectomy.

The first author has been using an autogenous cortical bone columella to replace the stapes removed during stapedectomy since 1965. The audiograms of 21 of the 271 patients operated on with this method between 1965 and 1989 (i.e.

Otosclerosis: disturbed balance between cell survival and apoptosis.

Hypothesis: Otosclerosis is an inflammatory bone remodeling disorder of the human otic capsule, which might be characterized by a disturbed balance between cell survival and apoptosis due to an increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, mainly tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha]).

Background: Histologic features of otosclerosis have been well described; however, different histopathologic and clinical stages have not been attributed precisely to the molecular biology of the pathologically increased metabolism of bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells.

Methods: Forty ankylotic stapes footplates (n = 40, males = 17, females = 23) removed by stapedectomy were histologically analyzed by conventional hematoxylin-eosin staining, and hCIAP1/2 (inhibitors of apoptosis) and granzyme-[beta] (apoptosis inducer) specific immunofluorescent assays were performed.

Prospective effectiveness of stapes surgery for otosclerosis in a multicenter audit setting: feasibility of the Common Otology Database as a benchmark database.

Introduction: The Common Otology Database (COD) is a joint effort by an international group of otologists to organize audit with a standardized reporting method in middle ear surgery. The first results on hearing outcome of the COD are presented in this article.

Objective: The primary objective was to confirm the validity of the benchmark group by comparing hearing outcome results with previously reported results.

Histopathology of nonotosclerotic stapes fixations.

Hypothesis: Different diseases without exact histopathologic classification can cause stapes ankylosis.

Background: Otosclerosis is a complex bone remodeling disorder of the otic capsule due to persisting measles virus infection and consecutive inflammatory reaction. In fact, clinical and demographic features of otosclerosis have reference to stapes ankylosis.

Necrosis of the long process of the incus following stapes surgery: new anatomical observations.

Objectives/hypothesis: The most frequent complication (generally recognized during revision procedures) following seemingly successful stapedotomies and stapedectomies is necrosis of the long process of the incus. This is currently ascribed to a malcrimped stapes prosthesis or to a compromised blood supply of the incus. The two-point fixation can cause a mucosal injury with a resulting toxic reaction, and also osteoclastic activity.

[Postoperative application of amphotericin B nasal spray in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Can recidive polyposis be prevented?].

Unlabelled: Chronic rhinosinusitis affects 1-4% of the adult population. The aetiology of this multifactorial, chronic disease, which leads to a significant impairment of the quality of life, often accompanied by nasal polyposis, is not fully understood. In the past decade it was presumed that the disease, which causes characteristic eosinophilic infiltration of the nasal mucosa, is triggered by an enhanced (but not classical allergic IgE type) immune response.

Investigation of the effects of PACAP on the composition of tear and endolymph proteins.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is widely distributed in ocular tissues, including the lacrimal gland. PACAP has been shown to influence the activity of several exocrine glands, but its effects on the composition of the tear film are not known yet. Similarly, the presence of PACAP has already been shown in the inner ear, but it is not known whether PACAP influences the composition of the endolymph.

[Frequency of coagulopathies in cases with post-tonsillectomy bleeding].

Introduction: The most serious complication of tonsillectomy is haemorrhage. Primary post-tonsillectomy bleeding occurs during the first 24 hours following the procedure as a consequence of inadequate suturing/ligation of the feeding arteries. Secondary post-tonsillectomy bleeding occurs most frequently between the 5-8.

In vivo effects of afobazole (2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivative) on the 7,12-dimethylbenz [alpha]anthracene-induced oncogene and suppressor gene expression.

Background: Afobazole, a new 2-mercapto-benzimidazole derivative, exhibited antimutagenic activity in chromosome aberration tests and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential chemopreventive effect of afobazole on the level of early biological effects by analysing changes in oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression.

Materials And Methods: Single intraperitoneal (i.

[Laser stapedotomy--the modern solution of otosclerotic stapes fixation].

Unlabelled: Development of surgical treatment of otosclerotic stapes fixation has been one of the success stories of otology for the past five decades. Nowadays not only stapedectomy and partial stapedectomy, but stapedotomy can also be considered a well established otological procedure.

Aim: To introduce this minimally invasive surgical technique into the Hungarian otolaryngology practice, to gain useful experiences, and to analyze the hearing improvements and postoperative complications.

Voice prosthesis insertion after endoscopic balloon-catheter dilatation in case of a stenotic hypopharyngo-oesophageal junction.

Stenosis of the hypopharyngo-oesophageal junction can be a rare complication of laryngectomy and/or partial pharyngectomy and makes the insertion of voice prosthesis extremely difficult. This study describes the authors' experiences gained by endoscopic balloon-catheter dilatation of hypopharyngo-oesophageal stenoses prior to implantation of voice prostheses in four cases. In two patients a single balloon-catheter dilatation resulted in wide enough pharyngo-oesophageal lumen on the long run.

Combination of ionomer cement and bone graft for ossicular reconstruction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the reconstruction of large ossicular chain defects with a combination of ionomer cement and an autogenous cortical bone graft. Different individual solutions are described if at least the handle of the malleus is present: restoration of a large defect of the long process of the incus, formation of the incus body and the long process, and replacement of the missing superstructure of the stapes with a short bone graft standing on the footplate. In a unique case, total reconstruction of the malleus handle was carried out.

Poland's syndrome and head-and-neck tumour: an unusual association causing a reconstruction dilemma.

Poland's syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by unilateral chest wall hypoplasia and ipsilateral hand abnormalities. The literature data suggest its sporadic nature. The prevailing theory concerning its cause is hypoplasia of the subclavian artery or its branches, which may lead to a range of developmental changes.

Activated osteoclasts with CD51/61 expression in otosclerosis.

Hypothesis: Stapes ankylosis is supposed to be a disease with variable histopathology caused by otosclerosis or pseudo-otosclerosis. Persistent measles virus infection of the otic capsule could induce reactivation of quiescent embryonic osteoclasts in otosclerosis.

Background: Presence of measles virus RNA was demonstrated in the footplates of otosclerotic patients by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Detection of osteoprotegerin and TNF-alpha mRNA in ankylotic Stapes footplates in connection with measles virus positivity.

Hypothesis: Otosclerosis is a bone remodeling disorder of the otic capsule causing conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Persistent measles virus infection of the temporal bone with increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and decreased osteoprotegerin mRNA expression is supposed to be the main etiologic factor in otosclerosis.

Background: Determinants of measles virus infection and reactive inflammation were studied in otosclerosis.

Myringoplasty for anterior and subtotal perforations using KTP-532 laser.

A retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent myringoplasty for either anterior or subtotal perforations over an 8-year period (from 1994 till 2004). We used the KTP-laser assisted anterior anchoring technique combining with anterior "pull-back" method. Patients' ages ranged from 6-62 years (median 36.

Antimeasles immunoglobulin g for serologic diagnosis of otosclerotic hearing loss.

Hypothesis: Persistent measles virus infection of the otic capsule is suggested to be an etiologic factor in otosclerosis. Otosclerosis is a disease of complex unknown etiology causing progressive conductive and/or sensorineural hearing loss (HL).

Background: Diagnostic methods of otosclerosis are sensitive to ossicular chain fixation with low specificity for otosclerotic stapes ankylosis.

Two subgroups of stapes fixation: otosclerosis and pseudo-otosclerosis.

Hypothesis: Stapes ankylosis is a disease with variable histopathology and can be caused by otosclerosis or pseudo-otosclerosis. Viral pathogenesis of otosclerosis could be established only by correlative analysis: histologic examination of the stapes footplate and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the viral RNA.

Background: Presence of the RNA genome of measles virus was demonstrated in the footplates of clinically otosclerotic patients by RT-PCR, and also viral proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.

Codetection of measles virus and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA in otosclerotic stapes footplates.

Hypothesis: Otosclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology causing conductive or sensorineural hearing loss. Persistent measles virus infection of the otic capsule is considered to be one of the etiologic factors in otosclerosis.

Background: Determinants of measles virus infection and reactive inflammation were studied in otosclerosis.

Combination therapy for chronic invasive rhinocerebral aspergillosis in a clinically immunocompetent patient.

Background: Adequate therapy for chronic invasive rhinocerebral aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients is controversial. The incidence of the disease is high in the Sudan and the Middle East. Misinterpretation of diagnostic criteria, failure to verify tissue invasion of fungi, and a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of various forms of fungal rhinosinusitis lead to controversies in nomenclature, diagnosis, and therapy.