Artificial intelligence in orthopaedics surgery: transforming technological innovation in patient care and surgical training.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an exciting field combining computer science with robust data sets to facilitate problem-solving. It has the potential to transform education, practice and delivery of healthcare especially in orthopaedics. This review article outlines some of the already used AI pathways as well as recent technological advances in orthopaedics.

Do partial glenohumeral degenerative changes in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair influence clinical outcomes?

Background: The prognostic factors for patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears (RCTs) include tear size, muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration. However, the influence of early coexisting degenerative changes on RCT outcomes is unappreciated. The purpose of this study was to calculate the impact that pre-existing partial glenohumeral cartilaginous changes have on patients undergoing arthroscopic RCT repair.

Outcome following management of unstable lateral end clavicle fractures with locking plate and coracoid anchor augmentation.

Background: Management of complex lateral end clavicle fractures with coraco-clavicular ligament disruption can be challenging.

Methods: We prospectively analysed 19 (17 M:2F) patients from January 2014 to June 2016. Six patients had intra-articular fractures (Edinburgh-3B2) and the remaining were extra-articular (3B1).

Dislocations of the elbow - An instructional review.

Dislocations of the elbow require recognition of the injury pattern followed by adequate treatment to allow early mobilisation. Not every injury requires surgery but if surgery is undertaken all structures providing stability should be addressed, including fractures, medial and lateral ligament insertion and the radial head. The current concepts of biomechanical modelling are addressed and surgical implications discussed.

Comprehensive review of surgical approaches to the elbow.

The choice of the most suitable surgical approach to the elbow forms the foundation of any successful elbow surgery. The surgical approach is based on the injury or pathology to be addressed and therefore specific anatomical details need to be considered. The surgeon must be comfortable with the bony, ligamentous and neurovascular anatomy of the elbow to consider and execute the best approach for each problem.

Improving the efficiency of ankle fracture care through home care and day-surgery units: Delivering safe surgery on a value-based healthcare model.

Objectives: Preoperative home care for suitable patients with ankle fractures is becoming an increasingly common practice. It allows adequate time for reduction of ankle swelling following a decision to undertake operative fixation has been made. We aim to assess the safety, efficiency, cost-effectiveness and differences in clinical & patient outcomes of day surgery unit (DSU) care for ankle fracture treatment in selected patients.

Scaffolds in the management of massive rotator cuff tears: current concepts and literature review.

Injuries to the rotator cuff (RC) are common and could alter shoulder kinematics leading to arthritis. Synthetic and biological scaffolds are increasingly being used to bridge gaps, augment RC repair and enhance healing potential. Our review evaluates the clinical applications, safety and outcome following the use of scaffolds in massive RC repair.

Value-based healthcare analysis of joint replacement surgery for patients with primary hip osteoarthritis.

Background: A quarter of the population present at least once a year with a musculoskeletal disorder. Primary hip osteoarthritis is a high-volume condition with significant clinical need and population-level costs. There remains much variation in patient outcomes and care delivery costs for this condition.

Swellings of the sternoclavicular joint: review of traumatic and non-traumatic pathologies.

The sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is an integral part of the shoulder girdle that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton.Swelling of the SCJ is commonly due to trauma, degeneration, infections and other disease processes that affect synovial joints.This review also focuses on uncommon conditions that could affect the SCJ, including SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) syndrome, Friedrich's disease and Tietze syndrome.

The staged management of gleno-humeral joint osteonecrosis in patients with haematological-induced disease-a cohort review.

Purpose: A formalised, universally accepted, radiological staging system of gleno-humeral joint osteonecrosis (ON) is lacking. Consequently, there is absence of a standardised management strategy. The aim is to propose a simple radiological staging system of gleno-humeral joint ON based on principles of the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) Society and review of clinical practice.

Robotics in trauma and orthopaedics.

Recent advances and review of literature

Scapular spine stress fractures: To fix or not to fix, our experience in a patient with bilateral fractures and review of the literature.

We report a case of bilateral scapular spine stress fracture, treated conservatively on one side and operatively on the other side. Besides, we performed a literature review to establish management options. A 61-year-old right-handed gentleman came to our clinic with acute on chronic deterioration of shoulder pain and loss of arm function.

An analysis of acromioclavicular joint morphology as a factor for shoulder impingement syndrome.

Background: The present study aimed to determine whether acromioclavicular (AC) joint morphology was a factor in the development of symptomatic impingement necessitating AC joint excision.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study on all patients undergoing AC joint excision for symptomatic joint pain unresponsive to conservative treatment between 2009 and 2011. This involved 106 consecutive patients (57 women, 49 men, average age 54 years, age range 33 to 76 years).

Acute Gluteal and Thigh Compartment Syndrome following Pelvic Fracture and Superior Gluteal Artery Bleed : A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Injury to the superior gluteal artery as a result of pelvic fracture is well recognized. Superior gluteal artery bleed leading to gluteal compartment syndrome without fracture of the pelvis has been reported but is extremely rare. Similarly, acute compartment syndrome of the thigh is rare.

Anatomy of the distal biceps brachii tendon and its clinical relevance.

Rupture of the distal biceps tendon is a relatively uncommon injury. Different methods have been described for its surgical repair. According to published reports, current surgical techniques result in decreased strength and endurance of upper extremity functions requiring supination and flexion.

Histologic evaluation of the glenohumeral joint capsule after radiofrequency capsular shrinkage for atraumatic instability.

We evaluated histologically 10 biopsy specimens taken preoperatively from the anterior-inferior glenohumeral ligament from patients with atraumatic instability who had undergone radiofrequency capsular shrinkage, 10 taken immediately postoperatively, and 13 taken before revision. The synovial and subsynovial layers returned to normal histology in biopsy specimens taken from 6 months onwards. Collagen bundles in the fibrous layer continued to have a reparative histology during the period of the study (up to 37 months).