Neonatal conjunctivitis at a Brazilian tertiary center: the current relevance of Chlamydia trachomatis.

Purpose: The microbiology pattern of neonatal conjunctivitis has changed over time, and the incidence of gonococcal conjunctivitis is almost nil. This study aimed to determine the etiology of neonatal conjunctivitis cases referred to a tertiary health center in Brazil.

Methods: From 2017 to 2020, conjunctival swabs were taken from neonates with clinical signs of conjunctivitis and tested with bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.

α-mannosidosis diagnosis in Brazilian patients with MPS-like symptoms.

Background: α-mannosidosis is an inborn error of metabolism caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-mannosidase, which is encoded by the MAN2B1 gene and inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The impairment of affected individuals is multisystemic and very similar to the observed in some mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) patients. The aim of this study was to search for α-mannosidosis cases in individuals with clinical suspicion of MPS without a confirmed diagnosis.

Cataract in HIV Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

HIV-induced AIDS attacks the immune system, leading to opportunistic infections. This syndrome has been linked to an increased risk of developing uveitis and subsequent cataracts. Consequently, cataract surgery may be associated with intra- and postoperative complications in HIV/AIDS patients.

Choroiditis following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in unvaccinated identical twins.

Unvaccinated identical twins developed bilateral anterior uveitis soon after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms. During follow-up, both patients developed choroiditis, and one twine developed posterior scleritis and serous retinal detachment. Prompt treatment with oral prednisone ameliorated the lesions, and no recurrence was observed at the 18-month follow-up.

Paradoxical Reaction in Intraocular Tuberculosis: Report of Three Cases.

Purpose: To present paradoxical reaction (PR) in three cases with ocular tuberculosis (OTB) treated with antitubercular therapy (ATT), highlighting diagnostic challenges and treatment strategies.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of three OTB patients presenting with paradoxical worsening after ATT initiation at two Brazilian university hospitals.

Results: The patients (2 males, 1 female) experienced worsening clinical presentation (increased inflammation, vision loss) within two to three weeks after initiating ATT.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY BIOMARKERS AND MICROPERIMETRY FEATURES IN BEHÇET'S UVEITIS.

Purpose: To evaluate the parafoveal macular microvasculature and the macular function in patients with retinal vasculitis associated with Behçet's uveitis.

Methods: In 14 patients with inactive Behçet's uveitis and 26 control individuals (13 with nonocular Behçet's syndrome and 13 healthy subjects), we analyzed the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, full retinal thickness, foveal avascular zone area and sectorial parafoveal vascular density in the superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus using SPECTRALIS optical coherence tomography (OCT) 2 and OCT angiography. Macular sensitivity was analyzed using an MP-3 microperimeter.

Quality of Life (QoL) in Non-Acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease (VKHD) at Two Time Points 24 Months Apart.

Aims: To investigate the changes in quality-of-life (QoL) metrics at a 24-month interval in non-acute VKHD patients and their association with inflammation, treatment, and visual function.

Methods: SF-36 and VFQ-25 questionnaires were administered at two 24-month-apart moments to 22 non-acute VKHD patients followed for ≥12 months since acute disease onset. "Improvement," "unchanged," or "worsening" in questionnaires scores (difference >5-point) between M1 and M2 and their associations were sought.

Magnetic resonance and dopamine transporter imaging for the diagnosis of Parkinson´s disease: a narrative review.

Background: the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be challenging, especially in the early stages, albeit its updated and validated clinical criteria. Recent developments on neuroimaging in PD, altogether with its consolidated role of excluding secondary and other neurodegenerative causes of parkinsonism, provide more confidence in the diagnosis across the different stages of the disease. This review highlights current knowledge and major recent advances in magnetic resonance and dopamine transporter imaging in aiding PD diagnosis.

Functional characterization of novel variants found in patients with suspected Fabry disease.

The deficiency or absence of the lysosomal hydrolase α-Galactosidase A results in Fabry disease (FD), a rare and underdiagnosed X-linked disorder. The symptoms caused by FD have a direct relation with the variant present in the gene coding α-Galactosidase A (GLA) and enzyme residual activity, and it can vary drastically between men and women of the same family. Here, we present four novel variants found in patients with suspicion of FD.

Fingerprint sign in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a case series.

Background: The tomographic finding, which has been called the "fingerprint sign" in en face reconstructions, seems to be the result of a variety of processes that cause distension of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the Henle fiber layer (HFL). The aim of this paper is to describe the appearance of concentric rings at the OPL/HFL interface visualized using en face reconstructions of cross-sectional optical coherence tomography images of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of images of six eyes of three patients obtained by cross-sectional OCT imaging and en face reconstruction at the level of the OPL/HFL interface.

Ocular Adverse Events following Yellow Fever Vaccination: A Case Series.

Purpose: To describe four cases of ocular adverse events resembling intraocular inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions following yellow fever vaccination (YFV) during a recent yellow fever (YF) outbreak in Brazil.

Methods: Charts of patients diagnosed with ocular adverse events after YFV between January 2017 and January 2019 at two tertiary referral centers in Brazil.

Results: Four patients (two adults and two children) are reported.

Surveillance of post-cataract endophthalmitis at a tertiary referral center: a 10-year critical evaluation.

Background: Acute post-cataract endophthalmitis (APE) is a rare complication potentially causing irreversible visual loss. A 10-year study of APE was conducted to determine its incidence, microbiological spectra and antibiotic resistance profile of APE-related pathogens at a major tertiary referral center in Brazil.

Methods: APE cases reported between January 2010 and December 2019 were included.

Associations between functional and structural measurements in non-acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Purpose: To evaluate associations between functional and structural measurements in patients with non-acute VKHD.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 non-acute VKHD patients (32 eyes; 14 female) were evaluated with multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), standardized automated perimetry (SAP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT)examinations. All included patients had a minimum 12 months of follow-up from acute onset and were participants of an ongoing prospective study since acute phase with systematic clinical imaging evaluations and electroretinogram examinations within a predefined treatment.

Recommendations for the management of ocular sarcoidosis from the International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis.

Aims: To establish expert recommendations for the management of ocular sarcoidosis (OS).

Methods: A question-based survey on the management of OS was circulated to international uveitis experts (members of the International Uveitis Study Group and the International Ocular Inflammation Society) electronically. Subsequently, a consensus workshop was conducted at the 7th International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS) in June 2019 in Sapporo, Japan as part of the Global Ocular Inflammation Workshops.

Initial-onset acute and chronic recurrent stages are two distinctive courses of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Purpose: To describe distinctive stages of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease: initial-onset acute versus chronic recurrent disease.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review regarding stages and clinical presentations of VKH disease was conducted.

Results: Despite a list of signs that has been described as characteristic features of early or late phases of VKH disease, the current classification -developed by an international committee and published in 2001- does not consider a distinction regarding the time from onset of disease symptoms, and specific findings observed at certain time point from the symptoms presentation and outcomes related to the stage of VKH disease.

Usefulness of aqueous and vitreous humor analysis in infectious uveitis.

Objective: To evaluate the role of intraocular fluid analysis as a diagnostic aid for uveitis.

Methods: Twenty-eight samples (27 patients including 3 HIV-infected patients) with active (n=24) or non-active (n=4) uveitis were submitted to aqueous (AH; n=12) or vitreous humor (VH) analysis (n=16). All samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR for herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Toxoplasma gondii.

Outcomes of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Choroidal Neovascularization in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease- A Prospective Study.

: To assess the effectiveness of intravitreal (IV) bevacizumab and the need for systemic immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD).: CNV treatment consisted of three monthly IV bevacizumab injections as a loading dose; if intra/subretinal fluid (IRF) persisted, further injections were proceeded besides increment in systemic IMT. Outcome analyses at 3, 6, and 12 months were visual acuity, central foveal thickness, macular volume, IRF, and addition of IMT.

Impact of Inflammation and Treatment on Self-reported Quality of Life in Patients with Non-acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease (VKHD).

: To evaluate associations between vision-related (VR-) and health-related (HR-) QoL metrics and inflammation and treatment in non-acute VKHD patients.: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary center in Sao Paulo, Brazil with 22 patients with non-acute VKHD followed prospectively for ≥12 months since acute disease onset, with systematic evaluation and predefined treatment protocols. VR- and HR-QoL aspects were assessed by VFQ-25 and SF-36 questionnaires, respectively.

Full-field electroretinogram behavior in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a 24-month longitudinal study in patients from acute onset evaluated with multimodal analysis.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the dynamic changes of the full-field electroretinogram (ff-ERG) and its association with inflammatory signs in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) followed up after acute onset.

Methods: Twelve acute VKHD patients, who were followed up for at least 24 months, were enrolled at a tertiary center from June 2011 to January 2017. Treatment consisted of intravenous methylprednisolone followed by 1 mg/kg/day of oral prednisone with a slow tapering associated with late non-steroidal immunosuppressive therapy in previously defined cases.

ATP6V0d2 controls Leishmania parasitophorous vacuole biogenesis via cholesterol homeostasis.

V-ATPases are part of the membrane components of pathogen-containing vacuoles, although their function in intracellular infection remains elusive. In addition to organelle acidification, V-ATPases are alternatively implicated in membrane fusion and anti-inflammatory functions controlled by ATP6V0d2, the d subunit variant of the V-ATPase complex. Therefore, we evaluated the role of ATP6V0d2 in the biogenesis of pathogen-containing vacuoles using ATP6V0d2 knock-down macrophages infected with the protozoan parasite Leishmania amazonensis.