Implementation of a Risk-Stratified Opioid and Benzodiazepine Weaning Protocol in a Pediatric Cardiac ICU.

Objectives: Opioids and benzodiazepines are commonly used to provide analgesia and sedation for critically ill children with cardiac disease. These medications have been associated with adverse effects including delirium, dependence, withdrawal, bowel dysfunction, and potential neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Our objective was to implement a risk-stratified opioid and benzodiazepine weaning protocol to reduce the exposure to opioids and benzodiazepines in pediatric patients with cardiac disease.

Length of Stay and Hospital Revisit After Bacterial Tracheostomy-Associated Respiratory Tract Infection Hospitalizations.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with longer length of stay (LOS) and higher 30-day hospital revisit rates for children hospitalized with bacterial tracheostomy-associated respiratory tract infections (bTARTIs).

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study using administrative data from the Pediatric Health Information System database between 2007 and 2014 of patients 30 days to 17 years old with a principal discharge diagnosis of bTARTI or a principal discharge diagnosis of bTARTI symptoms with a secondary diagnosis of bTARTI. Primary outcomes of LOS (in days) and 30-day all-cause revisit rates (inpatient, observation, or emergency department visit) were analyzed by using a 3-level hierarchical regression model (discharges within patients within hospital).

Implementation of a risk-stratified opioid weaning protocol in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Purpose: Opioids are important in the care of critically ill children. However, their use is associated with complications including delirium, dependence, withdrawal, and bowel dysfunction. Our aim was to implement a risk-stratified opioid weaning protocol to reduce the duration of opioids without increasing the incidence of withdrawal.

Multicenter study of viral etiology and relapse in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis.

Background: It is unclear whether the infectious etiology of severe bronchiolitis affects short-term outcomes, such as posthospitalization relapse. We tested the hypothesis that children hospitalized with rhinovirus (RV) bronchiolitis, either as a sole pathogen or in combination with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are at increased risk of relapse.

Methods: We performed a 16-center, prospective cohort study of hospitalized children age <2 years with bronchiolitis.

Reinstating higher order properties of a study list by retrieving a list item.

In two experiments, we looked at the role of higher order list properties in episodic recall. A probabilistic paired-associate paradigm was used in which each cue was repeatedly paired with two different targets. This paradigm permitted us to cue for a target that had been studied with that cue in the last list, or to cue for either of the two targets that had been repeatedly paired with that cue, although neither the cue nor either of its two targets had been studied in the last list.