Algal EPS modifies the toxicity potential of the mixture of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and triphenyl phosphate in freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) are prevalent freshwater contaminants obtained mainly from food packaging, textiles and electronics. Algal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), a part of natural organic matter, may influence these pollutants' behaviour and toxicity. The presence of EPS can enhance the aggregation of TPP-PSNP mixtures, and reduce the bioavailability, and thus the toxicity potential.

Assessing the role of the graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs: Graphene, GO, rGO) in modifying the toxicity potential and environmental risk of flame retardant, tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) in the marine microalgae Chlorella sp.

In recent years, a growing concern has emerged regarding the environmental implications of flame retardants (FRs) like tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs), such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), on marine biota. Despite these substances' well-established individual toxicity profiles, there is a notable gap in understanding the physicochemical interactions within the binary mixtures and consequent changes in the toxicity potential. Therefore, our research focuses on elucidating the individual and combined toxicological impacts of TBBPA and GFNs on the marine alga Chlorella sp.

Investigating the transport and colloidal behavior of FeO nanoparticles in aqueous and porous media under varying solution chemistry parameters.

The possible adverse effects of engineered iron oxide nanoparticles, especially magnetite (FeO NP), on human health and the environment, have raised concerns about their transport and behavior in soil and water systems. Accumulating these NPs in the environment can substantially affect soil and water quality and the well-being of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Therefore, it is essential to examine the factors that affect FeO NP transportation and behavior in soil and water systems to determine their possible environmental fate.

Ecotoxicological significance of bio-corona formation on micro/nanoplastics in aquatic organisms.

The unsustainable manufacturing, utilization and inadequate handling of plastics have led to a surge in global plastic pollution. In recent times, there has been increasing concern about the plausible hazards associated with exposure to micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs). As aquatic systems are considered to be the likely sink for M/NPs, it is crucial to comprehend their environmental behavior.

Cancer nanomedicine: a review of nano-therapeutics and challenges ahead.

Cancer is known as the most dangerous disease in the world in terms of mortality and lack of effective treatment. Research on cancer treatment is still active and of great social importance. Since 1930, chemotherapeutics have been used to treat cancer.

Preparation of Celery Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulsion by Ultrasonication and Evaluation of Its Potential Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity.

Introduction: Plants have always been a significant source of natural active components with biological properties. Celery seed oil (extracted from ) has several potential applications, but its therapeutic uses in the form of nanoemulsion formulation need to be investigated further in order to meet the demand in cancer treatment, and to alleviate the prevailing crisis arising from increased antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: The therapeutic potential of celery seed oil was investigated through the formulation and testing of a nanoemulsion developed with Tween 80 (a non-ionic surfactant) and the utilization of an ultrasonication technique.

Ultrasonic Nanoemulsification of Essential Oil and Its Applications in Medicine.

Background And Study: Cumin seed oil (extracted from ) has many applications but conclusive evidence of its therapeutic uses has not been presented. This study has explored the anticancer and antibacterial properties of the seed oil.

Methods: The cumin nanoemulsion was prepared with Tween 80 non-ionic surfactant employing ultra-sonication technology.

Anticancer and antibacterial effects of a clove bud essential oil-based nanoscale emulsion system.

Background And Purpose: The essential oil derived from clove buds ( has been used as a chemopreventive agent in Ayurvedic medicine. The antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of its chemo-skeleton have motivated this study to explore its efficacy in pharmaceutics.

Methods: Nanoscale-based emulsions were prepared by employing a spontaneous emulsification technique through self-assembly using varying concentrations of Tween 20 and Tween 80 surfactants.

Ultrasonic emulsification of eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion: antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and wound healing activity in Wistar rats.

The plant derived essential oil nanoemulsion was prepared using a mixture of components containing eucalyptus oil as organic phase, water as continuous phase, and non ionic surfactant, Tween 80, as emulsifier at a particular proportion of 1:1 v/v%. The ultrasonication was applied for varied processing time from 0 to 30 min to study the effect of time on the formation of nanoemulsion and physical stability of formulation by this method. The transparency and stability of emulsion was enhanced when the sonication time was increased compared to hand blender emulsion.

Design and formulation technique of a novel drug delivery system for azithromycin and its anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Azithromycin, an important member of the azalide subclass is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Certain physicochemical properties of the drug like poor water solubility and relatively low bioavailability of 37% due to incomplete absorption after ingestion, aroused the need for the development of a novel drug delivery system to enhance the solubilization potential and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at a very low concentration. Cinnamon oil (Cinnamonum zeylanicum)-based microemulsion system formulated using non-ionic surfactant, Tween 20, and water was characterized.

Cytotoxicity of TiO₂ nanoparticles and their detoxification in a freshwater system.

In the current study, two aspects concerning (i) the cytotoxicity potential of TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) toward freshwater algal isolate Scenedesmus obliquus and (ii) the potential detoxification of NPs by the microalgae were assessed under light (UV-illumination) and dark conditions at low exposure levels (≤1 μg/mL), using sterile freshwater as the test medium. The statistically significant reduction in cell viability, increase in reactive oxygen species production and membrane permeability (light vs. dark) suggested photo-induced toxicity of TiO₂ NPs.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using actinobacterium Streptomyces albogriseolus and its antibacterial activity.

An eco-friendly approach to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by extracellular components of Streptomyces albogriseolus has been reported. The isolated actinobacteria were genotypically identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, and the morphology was observed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The preliminary characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.

Improved efficacy of fluconazole against candidiasis using bio-based microemulsion technique.

Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen that causes systemic and superficial infections in most immunocompromised patients. Fluconazole, a synthetic triazole antifungal agent, is the most prescribed drug used in treating this pathogen. But because of its poor solubilization in water and the emergence of resistant strains against this antimycotic drug, we aimed at devising a unique microemulsion drug delivery system for fluconazole against candidiasis.

Bio-based nanoemulsion formulation, characterization and antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens.

The current study deals with the formulation and characterization of bio-based oil in water nanoemulsion and its potential antibacterial activity. A typical v/v% of eucalyptus oil (16.66%), Tween 80 (16.