Frontotemporal Dementia: Dilemma in Discrimination From Similarly Presenting Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the most common cause of neurocognitive decline, second to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia. Its presence offers a unique challenge to physicians trying to detect cognitive deficits, as it not only arises in middle age but also can be misdiagnosed as a primary psychiatric disorder. The following case describes the clinical course of a 50-year-old male with a recent history of sporadic visual and auditory hallucinations, followed by a gradual decline in cognitive function including declining memory, apathy and behavioral disinhibition, and social functioning, which are suggestive of FTD-type.

Diagnostic Dilemma and Management Difficulties in a Young Patient With Psychosis and Benign Chorea: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Psychosis presents with hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, abnormal psychomotor behavior, and negative symptoms. It most commonly appears in the setting of schizophrenia, although it could also appear in bipolar disorder, major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and even in medical conditions and substance use. In young people, the diagnosis of psychosis can present as a challenge due to the overlap of psychotic conditions and other emotional, behavioral, and developmental disorders.

The key to simplified management of an undescended parathyroid adenoma.

Undescended parathyroid adenoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism that happens < 1% of cases. If not suspected, it can lead to a negative bilateral parathyroid exploration and extensive iatrogenic trauma. We propose that with proper imaging the correct diagnosis can be established to simplify surgical management.