Diesel exhaust impairs TREM2 to dysregulate neuroinflammation.

Background: Air pollution has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the underlying neuroimmune mechanisms remain poorly understood. TREM2 is a myeloid cell membrane receptor that is a key regulator of disease-associated microglia (DAM) cells, where loss-of-function TREM2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of AD. At present, the basic function of TREM2 in neuroinflammation is a point of controversy.