Hip Instability in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Hip subluxation and dislocation are known problems for children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Medical complexity of these children typically results in absence of monitoring and intervention for pathologic hips. Patterns of hip migration and acetabular morphology in SMA have not been described.

A consensus statement on the use of botulinum toxin in pediatric patients.

Botulinum toxin has been used in medicine for the past 30 years. However, there continues to be controversy about the appropriate uses and dosing, especially in the pediatric population. A panel of nine pediatric physiatrists from different regions and previous training programs in the United States were nominated based on institutional reputation and botulinum toxin (BoNT) experience.

Out of the spasticity box: Off-label uses of botulinum toxin in children.

Botulinum toxin is frequently used as a therapeutic for a variety of non-FDA approved indications in children. This narrative literature review explores three off-label uses of botulinum toxin in pediatric conditions including congenital muscular torticollis, spastic trismus, and neonatal brachial plexus palsy. While more research is needed to establish treatment, dosing and localization guidelines for the use of botulinum toxin in these commonly treated conditions, available evidence is discussed.

Pediatric spinal cord tumors and masses.

Background/objective: Spinal cord tumors are a relatively rare diagnosis, accounting for 1% to 10% of all pediatric central nervous system tumors. Understanding the etiology and clinical outcomes of these tumors is therefore very important. This study presents detailed information regarding clinical presentation, histological findings, outcomes, functional assessment, and management of a series of patients with this diagnosis.

Botulinum toxin type a in the treatment of children with congenital muscular torticollis.

This is a retrospective case series describing the use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of children with congenital muscular torticollis who fail to progress with conservative management. A total of 27 children with congenital muscular torticollis, 6-18 mos of age, received 30 botulinum toxin type A injections into their sternocleidomastoid or upper trapezius muscle, or both, at a pediatric tertiary care center between 1995 and 2001. Three children received repeat injections.