Gender equity in authorship of emergency medicine publications in Australasia.

Objective: To evaluate gender authorship trends in the official journal of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM), Emergency Medicine Australasia (EMA).

Methods: A bibliometric review of author gender in EMA during the 10-year period 2013-2022. The gender of first/last authors were determined by www.

Evaluating the use of 3D skin models as simulation-based educational tools among nursing students: A quasi-experimental study.

Background: Teaching dermatology is challenging because of its' highly visible and tactile nature. While images improve visual memory and are valuable teaching aids, even high-quality photographs have limitations in what they can convey.

Aim: Our aim is to validate the use of silicone-based 3D skin models as simulation-based educational tools by assessing their impact on recognition of various skin conditions among nursing students.

Biosynthesis of mitis group streptococcal glycolipids and their roles in physiology and antibiotic susceptibility.

Bacterial cell surface components such as lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) play critical roles in host-microbe interactions and alter host responses based on their chemical structures. Mitis group streptococci have commensal and pathogenic interactions with the human host and produce Type IV LTAs that are slightly different in chemical structures between species. To reveal the molecular bases for the intricate interactions between MGS and human hosts, a detailed understanding of the structure and biosynthetic process of MGS LTAs is needed.

Emergency department use of a high-sensitivity point-of-care troponin assay reduces length of stay: an implementation study preliminary report.

Aims: Point-of-care (POC) high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTn) assays within a clinical pathway may safely reduce length of stay (LoS) for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with possible acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this early report, we present the first evaluation of a POC hs-cTn in real-life care.

Methods And Results: In adult patients presenting to ED investigated for possible AMI, we compared the LoS in patients assessed with a troponin in the 8 weeks before (usual-care phase) and the 8 weeks following introduction of the Siemens Atellica VTLi POC hs-cTnI for decision-making (intervention phase).

Risk and Reward: Nationwide Analysis of Cardiac Transplant Center Variation in Organ Travel Distance and the Effects on Outcomes.

Background: The 2018 UNOS allocation policy change deprioritized geographic boundaries to organ distribution, and the effects of this change have been widespread. The aim of this investigation was to analyze changes in donor transplant center distance for organ travel and corresponding outcomes before and after the allocation policy change.

Methods: The UNOS database was utilized to identify all adult patients waitlisted for heart transplants from 2016 to 2021.

Transmediastinal primary pulmonary liposarcoma: Case report and review of management strategies.

Soft tissue sarcomas account for less than 1% of new cancer diagnoses, approximately one in five of which are liposarcomas. These tumors typically arise in the deep tissues of the proximal extremity or retroperitoneum, with just under 3% presenting as primary intrathoracic neoplasms. We present an exceedingly rare and particularly unique presentation of primary lung liposarcoma which traversed the mediastinum into the contralateral hemithorax.

Identification of Glyoxalase A in Group B and its contribution to methylglyoxal tolerance and virulence.

Group B (GBS) is a Gram-positive pathobiont that commonly colonizes the gastrointestinal and lower female genital tracts but can cause sepsis and pneumonia in newborns and is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis. Despite the resulting disease severity, the pathogenesis of GBS is not completely understood, especially during the early phases of infection. To investigate GBS factors necessary for blood stream survival, we performed a transposon (Tn) mutant screen in our bacteremia infection model using a GBS transposon mutant library previously developed by our group.

The development of Logix - An application for component-based case logging and surgical trainee assessment.

Background: The optimal training program to transform a new resident into a competent and capable surgeon is constantly evolving. Competency-based evaluation represents a change in mindset from quantitative or chronologic metrics for graduate readiness. As surgery becomes more specialized, more dependent on technology, and more public, we must continue to improve our ability to pass on technical skills.

Outcome measures for Māori with non-traumatic dental presentations: a retrospective observational study and Kaupapa Māori approach examining emergency department inequities.

Aim: To assess the equity of care of patients with non-traumatic dental presentations (NTDP) to Christchurch Emergency Department (ED) in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Methods: This retrospective observational study reviews NTDP to Christchurch ED over a 2-year period (2018-2020). ED and hospital outcomes were compared for Māori, Pacific peoples and NZ Europeans.

Isoflurane anesthesia and sleep deprivation trigger delayed and selective sleep alterations.

Isoflurane anesthesia (IA) partially compensates NREM sleep (NREMS) and not REM sleep (REMS) requirement, eliciting post-anesthetic REMS rebound. Sleep deprivation triggers compensatory NREMS rebounds and REMS rebounds during recovery sleep as a result of the body's homeostatic mechanisms. A combination of sleep deprivation and isoflurane anesthesia is common in clinical settings, especially prior to surgeries.

Protocol for Improving Care by FAster risk-STratification through use of high sensitivity point-of-care troponin in patients presenting with possible acute coronary syndrome in the EmeRgency department (ICare-FASTER): a stepped-wedge cluster randomised quality improvement initiative.

Introduction: Clinical assessment in emergency departments (EDs) for possible acute myocardial infarction (AMI) requires at least one cardiac troponin (cTn) blood test. The turn-around time from blood draw to posting results in the clinical portal for central laboratory analysers is ~1-2 hours. New generation, high-sensitivity, point-of-care cardiac troponin I (POC-cTnI) assays use whole blood on a bedside (or near bedside) analyser that provides a rapid (8 min) result.

glycolipids promote virulence by thwarting immune cell clearance.

[group B (GBS)] is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis, with late-onset disease (LOD) occurring after gastrointestinal tract colonization in infants. Bacterial membrane lipids are essential for host-pathogen interactions, and the functions of glycolipids are yet to be fully elucidated. GBS synthesizes three major glycolipids: glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc-DAG), diglucosyl-DAG (Glc-DAG), and lysyl-Glc-DAG (Lys-Glc-DAG).

Determination of Clinically Acceptable Analytical Variation of Cardiac Troponin at Decision Thresholds.

Background: Clinical decision-making for risk stratification for possible myocardial infarction (MI) uses high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) thresholds that range from the limit of detection to several-fold higher than the upper reference limit (URL). To establish a minimum analytical variation standard, we can quantify the effect of variation on the population clinical measures of safety (sensitivity) and effectiveness [proportion below threshold, or positive predictive value (PPV)].

Methods: From large datasets of patients investigated for possible MI with the Abbott hs-cTnI and Roche hs-cTnT assays, we synthesized datasets of 1 000 000 simulated patients.

A systematic computational analysis of the endosomal recycling pathway in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain cancer in adults. The standard treatment is brutal and has changed little in 20 years, and more than 85% of patients will die within two years of their diagnosis. There is thus an urgent need to identify new drug targets and develop novel therapeutic strategies to increase survival and improve quality of life.

Changes in alcohol-related emergency department presentations-a comparison of three waves in 2013, 2017 and 2022.

Aims: Emergency departments (EDs) around the world are increasingly overcrowded, which is associated with significant patient harm. Alcohol use is a known contributor to ED overcrowding. This study aimed to assess trends in the characteristics of alcohol-related ED presentations over time.

Crosstalk between the subiculum and sleep-wake regulation: A review.

The circuitry underlying the initiation, maintenance, and coordination of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep, and non-rapid eye movement sleep is not thoroughly understood. Sleep is thought to arise due to decreased activity in the ascending reticular arousal system, which originates in the brainstem and awakens the thalamus and cortex during wakefulness. Despite the conventional association of sleep-wake states with hippocampal rhythms, the mutual influence of the hippocampal formation in regulating vigilance states has been largely neglected.

Presence of alcohol and other drug use within youth mental health presentations to the emergency department: A single-site retrospective observational study.

Objective: Youth mental health is a growing issue, which can be worsened by alcohol and other drug (AOD) use. The present study aimed to characterise the association of AOD use in youth presenting to an ED with a mental health crisis.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of paediatric patients presenting with mental health concerns to a tertiary ED in New Zealand in 2019-2020, with an examination of use of alcohol or other drugs before presentation.

Lipid discovery enabled by sequence statistics and machine learning.

Bacterial membranes are complex and dynamic, arising from an array of evolutionary pressures. One enzyme that alters membrane compositions through covalent lipid modification is MprF. We recently identified that MprF synthesizes lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG) from anionic PG, and a novel cationic lipid, lysyl-glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Lys-Glc-DAG), from neutral glycolipid Glc-DAG.

A retrospective observational study of the management of non-traumatic dental presentations at a tertiary centre in New Zealand: a Choosing Wisely approach.

Aims: Non-traumatic dental presentations (NTDPs) commonly present to emergency departments (EDs) and may receive orthopantomograms (OPGs, plain X-rays), opiates and antibiotics. "Choosing Wisely" is an international healthcare campaign that aims to reduce unnecessary and low-value patient care. This study aims to identify low-value management of NTDPs.