In-Transit Metastasis From Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: In-transit metastasis from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon form of metastasis through lymphatics and occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed patients.

Objective: To identify cases of in-transit SCC and determine patient characteristics, tumor features, management, and prognosis.

Methods And Materials: A multicenter case series treated by Australian and New Zealand clinicians.

Double island pedicle or V-Y flap repair for partial-thickness combined defects of the cutaneous and mucosal lip.

Background: Removal of skin cancer at or near the vermilion border may result in a partial-thickness combined cutaneous and mucosal lip defect for which repair has potential for poor cosmetic and functional outcomes.

Objective: We sought to describe the closure and results from repair of combined lip defects using 2 island pedicle or V-Y flaps, 1 for the cutaneous lip and 1 for the mucosa.

Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with combined defects of the lip who underwent double island pedicle or V-Y flap repair from June 2008 to December 2013 was performed.

Deletion of astroglial CXCL10 delays clinical onset but does not affect progressive axon loss in a murine autoimmune multiple sclerosis model.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. CXCL10 (IP-10), a chemokine for CXCR3+ T cells, is known to regulate T cell differentiation and migration in the periphery, but effects of CXCL10 produced endogenously in the CNS on immune cell trafficking are unknown. We created floxed cxcl10 mice and crossed them with mice carrying an astrocyte-specific Cre transgene (mGFAPcre) to ablate astroglial CXCL10 synthesis.

Organotypic distribution of stem cell markers in formalin-fixed brain harboring glioblastoma multiforme.

The role of stem cells in the origin, growth patterns, and infiltration of glioblastoma multiforme is a subject of intense investigation. One possibility is that glioblastoma may arise from transformed stem cells in the ventricular zone. To explore this hypothesis, we examined the distribution of two stem cell markers, activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) and CD133, in an autopsy brain specimen from an individual with glioblastoma multiforme.

Overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase decreases ischemia-like astrocyte injury.

Overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in transgenic mice protects from transient focal cerebral ischemia in adult animals, but increases oxidative injury in perinatal mice. The effect of SOD1 overexpression on astrocytes subjected to ischemia-like insults has not yet been determined. Overexpression of human SOD1 in astrocytes resulted in a 3-fold increase in SOD1 activity without coupled up-regulation of catalase or glutathione peroxidase activities.