Clinical associations of delirium in hospitalized adult patients and the role of on admission presentation.

Objective: To describe clinical associations of delirium in hospitalized patients and relationships to on admission presentation.

Design: Retrospective analysis of an administrative hospitalization database 1998-2007.

Setting: Acute care hospitalizations in the New York State (NYS).

Drug-induced, dementia-associated and non-dementia, non-drug delirium hospitalizations in the United States, 1998-2005: an analysis of the national inpatient sample.

Background: The incidence and pattern of delirium recorded in a broad spectrum of American hospitalizations has not been well described. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project is an administrative database of hospitalizations in the US that affords an opportunity to examine for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9) codes relating to delirium.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of delirium diagnoses and associated clinical factors, including adverse drug effects, in a broad spectrum of hospitalizations in the US.

Efficient and accurate measurement of physical restraint use in acute care.

Objectives: Describe and evaluate a method for assessing whether physical restraint prevalence differs by timing and frequency of data collection and to determine the minimum period of observation necessary to provide accurate prevalence estimates on both Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and medical-surgical units.

Design: Two-period, cross-sectional design with repeated observations in year 1 for 18 consecutive days and in year 2 for 21 consecutive days with method modifications.

Setting: 400-bed urban teaching hospital.