Impact of Chlorine and Chloramine on the Detection and Quantification of Legionella pneumophila and Species.

Potable water can be a source of transmission for legionellosis and nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections and diseases. Legionellosis is caused largely by , specifically serogroup 1 (Sg1). , , and are three leading species associated with pulmonary NTM disease.

Absorption of strontium by foods prepared in drinking water.

Strontium (Sr) is a natural element, ubiquitous in the environment and known to occur in water, food, air, and soils. Strontium is present in media as a salt or an ionized divalent cation. The Sr ion (dissociated) is toxicokinetically important because it is easily absorbed into systemic circulation when inhaled with particulates or ingested with water or foods.

Increased Frequency of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Detection at Potable Water Taps within the United States.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are environmental microorganisms that can cause infections in humans, primarily in the lung and soft tissue. The prevalence of NTM-associated diseases is increasing in the United States. Exposure to NTMs occurs primarily through human interactions with water (especially aerosolized).

Risk assessment practice for essential metals.

This article addresses the content of the workshop, including a panel discussion relevant to delineation of a path forward in relation to risk assessment of essential metals. The state of the art of risk assessment and associated issues for essential metals are outlined initially, followed by brief illustration by the case studies considered at the workshop (i.e.

Risk Assessment Workgroup report.

The Risk Assessment Work Group focused on six charge questions related to CHABS, cyanobacteria and their toxins. The charge questions covered the following topics: Research needed to reduce uncertainty in establishing health based guidelines. Research that minimize the cost and maximize the benefits of various regulatory approaches.

Health advisory values for drinking water contaminants and the methodology for determining acute exposure values.

The Health Advisory (HA) Program of the Office of Water provides informal technical guidance to Federal, State and local officials responsible for protecting health when emergency spills or contamination situations occur. Under this program, first initiated in 1985, HA values are developed for 1-day, 10-day, longer-term (approx. 7 years) and lifetime exposures based on data describing non- cancer endpoints of toxicity.