Substance Use in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: An Integrative Review.

The adolescent and young adult (AYA) ages are a time when individuals are susceptible to risky behaviors, including binge drinking, tobacco, marijuana, and illicit drug use. AYAs are at an increased risk for developing chronic health problems compared with their healthy peers, and substance use can pose additional risks. The purpose of this review is to compare substance use in AYAs with their healthy peers and identify contributing factors.

Growth Factor in the Setting of CAR T-Cell Therapy: To Use or Not to Use.

Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy may experience side effects including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), neutropenia, and infection. Growth factor has historically been used to treat neutropenia; however, its role in CAR T-cell therapy is not well explained. Existing data on the safety and efficacy of growth factor are conflicting.

Risk Factors for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis: An Integrative Review.

Purpose: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to determine factors that increase the risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related myocarditis in the cancer patient population.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Review. Dates searched were from inception through March 1, 2022.

Does Use of Intratumoral Injections in Solid Tumor Malignancies Improve Outcomes and Reduce Adverse Events? An Integrative Review.

The purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy and adverse events associated with intratumoral injection in the treatment of solid tumor malignancies. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and Scopus databases from 2009 to 2022. A total of 588 articles were retrieved, with five selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Consensus Building to Identify Nursing Research Priorities Among Oncology Nurses: A Delphi Study in a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Background: To advance oncology nursing science and clinical practice, researchers and clinicians must understand the important real-world concerns of nurses who provide direct care to people with cancer or manage processes that support patient care.

Objective: This study developed a comprehensive compendium of real-world concerns among oncology nurses and built consensus regarding their importance.

Methods: Using Delphi survey methodology, this prospective, descriptive study was performed in 3 phases: (1) identification of experts, defined as registered nurses (RNs) employed within a comprehensive cancer center; (2) qualitative content analysis of 353 responses from 267 RNs who responded to the question, "What do you see as nursing research concerns, problems, and/or issues on your unit or in your work environment that needs to be studied?"; and (3) rating the importance of 62 research themes identified from the qualitative content analysis (n = 247 RNs).

Role of Preemptive Cytomegalovirus Hyperimmunoglobulin in Cytomegalovirus Viremia Following Stem Cell Transplant: An Integrative Review.

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in stem cell transplant (SCT) patients. Cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin (CMV-HIG) therapy has been described in the solid organ transplant setting. However, no review has focused on preemptive use of intravenous CMV immunoglobulins in the SCT setting.

The Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States: An Integrative Review.

Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYAs) are uniquely challenged with navigating health care systems during an important developmental phase of life. During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many people experienced social isolation, mental health symptoms, and schooling and employment changes, which may have affected vulnerable AYA cancer survivors. The purpose of this integrative review is to explore the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on AYA cancer survivors in the United States.

Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Patients With Underage Children: An Integrative Review.

As many as 24.7% of cancer patients are also parents to children younger than 18 years of age. This population faces unique challenges, and quality of life in parental cancer patients has not been well studied.

A new leadership frontier: Nurse practitioners and physician associates as inpatient medical directors.

Nurse practitioners and physician associates (NPs and PAs) have become an integral part of health care delivery in every clinical setting. Both NPs and PAs possess the knowledge and skills to deliver quality care to patients that may otherwise go without. There is a push to have NPs and PAs work to the top of their licenses and take on leadership roles as they help reshape health care delivery in the United States.

Ultrasound Evaluation of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness: Effective Early Marker of Carotid Artery Disease in Adult Head and Neck Cancer Patients After Neck Radiation?

Radiation is a recommended front-line treatment for many adult head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Early identification of radiation-associated carotid artery disease (CAD), a well-known phenomenon, can minimize long-term sequelae. This integrative literature review assesses the use of ultrasound measured carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) as an early marker of CAD in adult HNC patients after neck radiation.

The Role of Echocardiogram and Cardiac Rhythm Analysis for Early Detection of Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this integrative review was to establish the role of cardiac rhythm analysis (electrocardiogram; EKG) and echocardiogram in increasing clinical suspicion for and earlier diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases. Dates searched were from January 2017 to May 2021.

Telehealth Interventions for Supportive Management and Early Recognition of Treatment-Related Symptoms in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies.

Purpose: The purposes of this literature review were to (1) establish the utility of supportive telehealth interventions focusing on early identification of treatment-related symptoms in adult patients with hematologic malignancies, with a secondary aim to (2) evaluate acceptability and feasibility.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase. Dates searched were from January 2007 through December 2019.

Antibiotic Therapy and Gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease in the Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Population.

Purpose: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients undergo rigorous courses of myeloablative chemotherapy that increase vulnerability for infections. Complications can arise in the form of graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) manifesting in various organs, including the skin, lung, liver, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Early Detection of Vulvovaginal Graft-Versus-Host Disease: An Integrative Review.

Introduction: Vulvovaginal graft-vs.-host disease (VVGvHD) is a condition caused by a T-cell mounted immune response after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT), which can lead to sclerotic changes of the external genital organs. A common complication of alloHSCT, VVGvHD is underreported and underdiagnosed in female patients.

Risk Factors for Ifosfamide-Related Encephalopathy in Adult Cancer Patients: An Integrative Review.

Patients receiving ifosfamide as part of their cancer treatment are at risk for ifosfamide-related encephalopathy (IRE), a potentially serious adverse event affecting up to 60% of patients. Symptoms range from transient altered mental status to coma and death. Consensus regarding risk factors for the development of IRE has not been reached in the literature.

The Impact of Peripheral Cooling on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: An Integrative Review.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a prevalent, potentially long-lasting side effect of select chemotherapies. It contributes to suboptimal chemotherapy dosing, and its symptoms negatively impact patients' quality of life. To date, interventions to effectively prevent this toxicity have not been established, and interventions to treat CIPN have produced only modest results.

Advanced Care Planning and End-of-life Outcomes in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients.

Aim/purpose: This integrative review addresses whether the presence and timing of advanced care planning (ACP) with or without a palliative care (PC) consultation affect place of death and use of high-intensity medical care at end-of-life (EOL) in adolescent and young adult and adult cancer patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) therapy.

Methods And Results: A literature search was completed in the Scopus and PubMed databases. The search was not restricted by date but was restricted to English language.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Problem Identification: A lack of testing options for the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a barrier to clinical management. Studies that have investigated the role of blood proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cGVHD were reviewed.

Literature Search: PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles published from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2019.

Adverse Effects of Virus-Specific T-Cell Therapy: An Integrative Review.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) remains the mainstay in treating many hematologic malignancies. T-cell-depleted grafts designed to reduce graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) may be complicated by severe viral infections that increase morbidity and mortality.

Botulinum Toxin for Side-Effect Management and Prevention of Surgical Complications in Patients Treated for Head and Neck Cancers and Esophageal Cancer.

The management of head and neck cancers (HNC) and esophageal cancer (EC) is complex and often involves multiple modalities of treatment, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. The side effects associated with these therapies and disease processes are extensive. A literature review was performed to evaluate the use of botulinum toxin as an intervention for side-effect management in patients with HNC and EC.

Clinical Management of Pneumonitis in Patients Receiving Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy.

A 48-year-old gentleman with metastatic melanoma currently receiving the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor, ipilimumab (Yervoy), and the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, nivolumab (Opdivo), returned for evaluation prior to receiving cycle 2. The patient presented with new onset dyspnea and a non-productive cough over the past week, with a temperature of 100.6°F at home on one occasion.

Comparing Outcomes of Genetic Counseling Options in Breast and Ovarian Cancer: An Integrative Review .

Problem Identification: Genetic counseling is vital in helping people at high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) make informed decisions to undergo BRCA testing. Many people, particularly those in rural locations, lack access to these services. This review examines evidence to determine if remotely delivered genetic counseling via telephone or telemedicine is an effective alternative to in-person counseling for people who are at high risk for HBOC.

Vaginal Testosterone for Management of Aromatase Inhibitor-Related Sexual Dysfunction: An Integrative Review.

Problem Identification: Women taking aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as part of the management of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer experience more symptoms of sexual dysfunction, including vaginal atrophy, as opposed to postmenopausal women and women treated with tamoxifen (Nolvadex®). Vaginal testosterone could be an alternative to estrogen, which is contraindicated in this population.
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