The Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study: Methodology of a Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Tube Shunt Surgery and Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C.

Purpose: To describe the methodology of the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (PTVT) Study.

Design: Multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Participants: Patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma and no prior incisional ocular surgery.

Utilization of Ophthalmology-Specific Emergency Department Services.

Objective: To describe utilization trends of an ophthalmology-specific emergency department (ED).

Methods: Prospective cohort study of new patients presenting in the ophthalmology ED for at least a 30-day period in the spring of each year for five consecutive years (2010-14) at a university referral center. A data form, including information about the ED visit and patient demographics, was included in each patient chart.

A Retrospective Comparison of Primary Baerveldt Implantation versus Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of Baerveldt implantation (Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA) and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) in patients who have not undergone prior incisional ocular surgery.

Design: Retrospective, comparative case series.

Participants: A total of 125 patients with low-risk glaucoma undergoing primary glaucoma surgery, including 55 patients who received a 350-mm(2) Baerveldt glaucoma implant and 70 patients who underwent trabeculectomy with MMC.

Gene Therapy for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Initial Results.

Purpose: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a disorder characterized by severe and rapidly progressive visual loss when caused by a mutation in the mitochondrial gene encoding NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit 4 (ND4). We have initiated a gene therapy trial to determine the safety and tolerability of escalated doses of an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV) expressing a normal ND4 complementary DNA in patients with a G to A mutation at nucleotide 11778 of the mitochondrial genome.

Design: In this prospective open-label trial (NCT02161380), the study drug (self-complementary AAV [scAAV]2(Y444,500,730F)-P1ND4v2) was intravitreally injected unilaterally into the eyes of 5 blind participants with G11778A LHON.

REPRODUCIBILITY AND COMPARISON OF VISUAL ACUITY OBTAINED WITH SIGHTBOOK MOBILE APPLICATION TO NEAR CARD AND SNELLEN CHART.

Purpose: To investigate test-retest reproducibility of visual acuities obtained with a popular mobile application (app) and to explore the agreement with the standard clinic charts.

Methods: Records of patients who had visual acuity measured during the same routine clinic visit with Snellen chart, Rosenbaum near vision card, and SightBook mobile app were reviewed. Acuities were converted to approximate ETDRS letters for statistical purposes.

Adverse vitreoretinal outcomes of glaucoma drainage devices based on verified and unverified financial claims data.

Background And Objective: To determine adverse vitreoretinal outcome rates after glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery.

Patients And Methods: Medical records from the Anne Bates Leach Eye Hospital with financial claims from 1991 to 2005 for GDD surgery coded for endophthalmitis, choroidal hemorrhage, or retinal detachment were reviewed. Cumulative incidences were calculated before and after verifying claims with chart review.

Dilated eye examination screening guideline compliance among patients with diabetes without a diabetic retinopathy diagnosis: the role of geographic access.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, dilated eye examination guideline compliance among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), but without diabetic retinopathy.

Research Design And Methods: Utilizing the computerized billing records database, we identified patients with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 diagnoses of DM, but without any ocular diagnoses. The available medical records of patients in 2007-2008 were reviewed for demographic and ocular information, including visits through 2010 (n=200).

Longitudinal changes in peripapillary atrophy in the ocular hypertension treatment study: a case-control assessment.

Purpose: To explore the association between peripapillary atrophy (PPA) area and conversion from ocular hypertension (OHT) to glaucoma.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study of cases and controls.

Participants: We included 279 age-matched and follow-up time-matched eyes with OHT that converted to glaucoma and 279 eyes with OHT that did not convert to glaucoma.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt as a treatment of visual loss in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate visual function outcomes in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for visual loss and to determine a VP shunt survival curve over time.

Methods: A retrospective medical record review was performed of all new IIH patients first evaluated at our institution who underwent VP shunt placement over a 7-year period (2004-2010). There were 2 primary outcome measures: the first being visual acuity (VA) and the second being shunt survival.

Outcomes of glaucoma reoperations in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study.

Purpose: To describe the incidence and outcomes of reoperations for glaucoma in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study.

Design: Cohort study of patients in a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Methods: The TVT Study enrolled 212 patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma who had previous cataract and/or glaucoma surgery.

Trial end points and natural history in patients with G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy : preparation for gene therapy clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE Establishing the natural history of G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is important to determine the optimal end points to assess the safety and efficacy of a planned gene therapy trial. OBJECTIVE To use the results of the present natural history study of patients with G11778A LHON to plan a gene therapy clinical trial that will use allotopic expression by delivering a normal nuclear-encoded ND4 gene into the nuclei of retinal ganglion cells via an adeno-associated virus vector injected into the vitreous. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective observational study initiated in 2008 was conducted in primary and referral institutional practice settings.

Ocular decompression with cotton swabs lowers intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal injection.

Objective: To determine the effect of preinjection ocular decompression by cotton swabs on the immediate rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) after intravitreal injections.

Methods: Forty-eight patients receiving 0.05 mL ranibizumab injections in a retina clinic were randomized to 2 anesthetic methods in each eye on the same day (if bilateral disease) or on consecutive visits (if unilateral disease).

Characterization of a clinician-scientist cohort in ophthalmology: a demographic analysis of k grant awardees in ophthalmology.

Objective: To analyze ophthalmologists who are National Institutes of Health (NIH) K grant awardees to characterize clinician-scientists in ophthalmology.

Design: Cohort study.

Participants: Ophthalmologists who have received a K award from 1996 through 2010.

Randomized clinical trial of two anesthetic techniques for intravitreal injections: 4% liquid lidocaine on cotton swabs versus 3.5% lidocaine gel.

Objective: To compare same-day and next-day pain control and safety of two anesthetic techniques utilizing 4% liquid lidocaine applied with sterile cotton swabs versus 3.5% lidocaine gel for intravitreal injections. Main outcome measures were: discomfort during anesthetic preparation and needle penetration, 1 and 24 h after injection.

Used glasses versus ready-made spectacles for the treatment of refractive error.

Background And Objective: To compare visual outcomes for used glasses versus ready-made spectacles in the treatment of refractive error.

Patients And Methods: In this prospective, comparative case series, undilated refractive error screening examinations were conducted over a 5-week period. Patients with bilateral refractive error were treated with used glasses and ready-made spectacles powered to match their prescriptions.

The Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study: interpretation of results and application to clinical practice.

Purpose Of Review: The Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study is a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing the safety and efficacy of tube-shunt surgery to trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) in eyes with previous cataract and/or failed glaucoma surgery. This article interprets results from the TVT Study and applies them to clinical practice.

Recent Findings: Both tube-shunt surgery and trabeculectomy with MMC produced intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction to the low teens throughout the 5-year duration of the study.

Treatment outcomes in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) study after five years of follow-up.

Purpose: To report 5-year treatment outcomes in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study.

Design: Multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Settings: Seventeen clinical centers.

Postoperative complications in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) study during five years of follow-up.

Purpose: To describe postoperative complications encountered in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study during 5 years of follow-up.

Design: Multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Settings: Seventeen clinical centers.

Treating uncorrected refractive error in adults in the developing world with autorefractors and ready-made spectacles.

Background: To evaluate a method for treating uncorrected refractive error in adults in the developing world.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study in outpatient community health centres.

Participants: Eight hundred and forty subjects aged 18 and older from rural villages in Haiti and Belize.

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of ocular and nasal flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injections.

Purpose: To identify the resistance profiles of conjunctival and nasal bacterial isolates in patients undergoing intravitreal injections and to determine if frequent exposures to topical fluoroquinolones increased antimicrobial resistance among these organisms.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients undergoing intravitreal injection at our institution were enrolled in this study.

Comparison of automated analysis of Cirrus HD OCT spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with stereo photographs of the optic disc.

Objective: To evaluate a new automated analysis of optic disc images obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). Areas of the optic disc, cup, and neural rim in SD OCT images were compared with these areas from stereoscopic photographs to represent the current traditional optic nerve evaluation. The repeatability of measurements by each method was determined and compared.