Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)overexpression in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus alters motivated and affective behavior in female rats.

Background: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been found to be involved in a wide range of motivated and affective behaviors. While the PACAP-38 isoform is more densely expressed than PACAP-27 in most of the brain, PACAP-27 is more highly expressed in the rodent paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), where females also have greater expression than males. Notably, the role of PACAP-27 expression in cells of the PVT has not been explored.

Clavulanic Acid-Mediated Increases in Anterior Cingulate Glutamate Levels are Associated With Decreased Cocaine Craving and Brain Network Functional Connectivity Changes.

Background: There is an urgent need for pharmacological treatment for cocaine (COC) use disorder (CUD). Glutamatergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex is affected by addictive behaviors. Clavulanic acid (CLAV), a glutamate transporter GLT-1 (excitatory amino acid transporter) activator, is a clinical-stage medication that has potential for treating CUD.