Fullerene and acenequinone compounds were studied as electron mediators between a p-type semiconductive polymer and n-type oxide semiconductors for enhancing solar cell efficiency.
The research found that these sensitizers worked better with titanium dioxide than zinc oxide due to different dipole-induced vacuum level shifts impacting the conduction band.
Observations indicate that in titanium dioxide cells, sensitizers can enhance photovoltage and overall efficiency, while in zinc oxide cells, they tend to be less effective due to shifts in the conduction band, guiding future design of photocells.