Phase II study of mitoxantrone and ketoconazole for hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Background: Doxorubicin plus ketoconazole has exhibited significant activity in patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, overall and cardiac-specific toxicity was reported to be high. Mitoxantrone has activity similar to that of doxorubicin, is less cardiotoxic, and is widely used to treat prostate cancer.