Functional resilience and overall survival in adults treated for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: As more treatments emerge for advanced, stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), oncologists have difficulty predicting functional resiliency versus functional decline throughout cancer treatment. Our study evaluates functional resilience among patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods: Functional status was evaluated through 12 months of follow-up based on disability score using the modified EQ-5D-5L (mEQ-5D-5L) survey.

Risk factors and predictors of immune-related adverse events: implications for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are now utilized as a standard of care treatment for multiple cancers, including in both the metastatic setting as well as in earlier stages of disease. The identification of unique immune-related adverse events (irAE) that occur during ICI treatment has led to intense research to identify potential risk factors and biomarkers that may assist in clinical decision making. Although initial studies in ICI were primarily in advanced stage disease, the use of ICI in earlier stages of disease as adjuvant therapies requires a better understanding of patient risk stratification to mitigate or prevent serious irAE.

Drivers of genomic loss of heterozygosity in leiomyosarcoma are distinct from carcinomas.

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare, aggressive, mesenchymal tumor. Subsets of LMS have been identified to harbor genomic alterations associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD); particularly alterations in BRCA2. Whereas genomic loss of heterozygosity (gLOH) has been used as a surrogate marker of HRD in other solid tumors, the prognostic or clinical value of gLOH in LMS (gLOH-LMS) remains poorly defined.

Stem cell damage after chemotherapy- can we do better?

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are unintended and unwanted complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation. Unlike other environmental toxin-induced malignancies, exposure to the inciting agent is required to eradicate a primary and life-threatening cancer. In this review, we will focus on the biochemical mechanisms that lead to therapy-induced myeloid malignancy.

Assessing Fluid Responsiveness in Spontaneously Breathing Patients.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to test if fasting volunteers exhibit fluid responsiveness using noninvasive hemodynamic measurements. The secondary objective was to test a passive leg raise (PLR) maneuver as a diagnostic predictor of fluid responsiveness.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental design involving healthy volunteers.

MicroRNAs in breast cancer therapy.

Breast cancer is one of the most common type of cancers as well as a principal cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Although research has provided a better understanding and diagnosis of breast cancer, studies in breast cancer therapeutics are still far from satisfactory. Recent research on microRNAs (miRNAs) has implicated these tiny regulatory molecules in progression of breast cancer with the possibility of exploiting them as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers.

Erlotinib resistance in lung cancer: current progress and future perspectives.

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Despite modern advancements in surgeries, chemotherapies, and radiotherapies over the past few years, lung cancer still remains a very difficult disease to treat. This has left the death rate from lung cancer victims largely unchanged throughout the past few decades.

The role of microRNAs in breast cancer migration, invasion and metastasis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major class of small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs to trigger either translational repression or mRNA degradation. They have recently been more widely investigated due to their potential role as targets for cancer therapy. Many miRNAs have been implicated in several human cancers, including breast cancer.